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Waa Maxay Faraqa u Dhexeeya Dhul-badeedka (Territorial Sea) iyo Aagga Dhaqaalaha (EEZ)?

• SomaliTalk.com | October 20, 2011 | Updated: July 22, 2013

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Warbixin ay July 12, 2013 soo saartay kooxda Contact Group ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa si qayaxan u cadaysay cawaaqibka ka dhalanaya haddii Soomaaliya aqbasho nidaamka xadaynta badda ee loo yaqaan EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone for Somalia), taas oo ah in Soomaaliya waayeyso gebi ahaanab badda muranka la geliyey oo ay qaadan doonto Kenya.

Arrintaa warbixinta UN waxay ka tiri: "Marka Soomaaliya aqbasho EEZ ee nidaamka hoos imanaya UNCLOS, markaas waxaa loo baahan doonaa in Soomaaliya iyo Kenya ay bilaabaan wada xaajood labada dalba aqbalsan yihiin oo kusaabsan xuduud badeedka. Taasi waxay albaabka u fureysaa suurtagal in ay noqoto in dib loo xadeeyo xuduud badeedka badda ayadoo laga bedelayo xariiqda ku qotonta xeebta (perpendicular position) oo loo bedelo xariiq jiifta oo laacaysa loolka (Latitude line). Isbedelkaasi waxa uu xaqiiqo ahaan dhulka la isku hayo qaybtiis ama gebi ahaantiisba hoos geynayaa badda Kenya. Sababtaas awgeed ayey ahayd tii keentay in 8-dii October 2011 ay Xildhibaanada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya cod ku diideen isku daygii ahaa in EEZ lagu soo daro nidaamkii Roadmap-ka," sidaas waxay ku caddahay warbixinta UN-ka ee S/2013/413 soona baxday July 12, 2013 boggeeda 249 iyo 250.

Waxaana warbixinta UN-ku cadaysay in Soomaaliya ay sannadkii 1972 cabirka baddeeda ku qeexday 200 mayl-badeed oo ah Territorial Waters.

Waxaa arrintaas (in Soomaaliya ay leedahay 200 nm oo territorial waters ah) ayidey go'aan ay June 6, 2013 soo saareen Golaha Wasiirada DFS, kaas oo qeexay sidan "Xukuumada Federaaliga ah ee Soomaaliya waxay aqoonsan tahay sharciga qaran ee badaha Law No. 37. ee qeexaya dhererka xadka badda “territorial water” ee gaaraya 200 mayl-badeed iyo continental shelf . Waxay dawlada Soomaaliya ogolaatay xeerka badaha aduunka ee ay wax ka saxiixday 24kii Luuliyo 1989 ayadoo aan ka tanaasulin sharciga qaran."

Haddaba waa maxay Faraqa u Dhexeeya Dhul-badeedka (Territorial Sea) iyo Aagga Dhaqaalaha (EEZ)?

In badan oo Soomaali ah ayaa dhici karta in ay is weydiinayaan waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya Territorial Sea iyo EEZ? Maxaa Dawladdii Soomaaliya ugu adkaaysaneysey Territorial Sea oo ah 200 mayl badeed, oo ay uga soo horjeedey nidaamka EEZ? Haddaba qoraalkan ayaan ku soo koobi doonaa aragtida guud ee arrimahaas jawaabta u ah:

Territorial Sea (Dhul-badeed): Waa Hanti aad leedahay

Territorial Waters (ama Territorial Sea) waa qayb kamid ah badda oo ah hanti uu leeyahay dalku, taas oo la mid ah dhulka berriga ee dalka, sida magaalada Hargeysa ama Kismaayo ama Xaafuun. Waa dhulbadeed uu leeyahay dalka xeebtaas leh, wax kasta oo kujirana uu dalkaasi leeyahay, sida shidaalka, macdanta, kalluunka iyo khayraad kasta oo kujira, waxaa dalku leeyahay hawada ka saraysa Territorial Waters iyo dhulka badda ka hooseeya. Waa dhul-badeed aan dal kale kula lahayn. Soomaaliya Territorial Waters-keedu waa 200 nautical miles (mayl-badeed). Waa aag aysan soo geli karin maraakiib dagaal ee shisheeye oo aan ogolaansho cad ka haysan dalka xeebtaas leh.

EEZ (Aagga Dhaqaalaha): Waa Dhul lagula leeyahay

EEZ oo laga soo gaabiyo Exclusive Economic Zone waa dhul lagula leeyahay, laakiin dalku dhaqaale ahaan masuule ka tahay oo khayraadka ku jira ka faa'iidaysan karo ama kala bixi karo. Dalka xeebta leh ma xannibi karo maraakiibta halkaas maraysa ama diyaarahada dul maraya. Waa aag aad maamulkiisa masuul ka tahay, khayraadkiisana kala bixi kartid, laakiin waa meel lagula leeyahay. Sida aan ku arki doono xeerka badaha waa meel ay Fiiloyinka (cable) iyo tuubooyin ay gashan karaan dalalka kale.

Continental Shelf (Qalfoofka Qaaradda): Dhulka inta badda hore u sii gashan

Waa inta qaaradda ama dhulku uu badda hore u sii gashan yahay ee noqoneysa moolka. Af-Soomaali ahaan waxay noqoneysaa Qalfoofka Qaaradda. Waana wixii ka sii shisheeya 200 mayl-badeed, taas oo lagu siiyaadinayo 150 mayl badeed oo dheeraad ah. Laga soo bilaabo May 2009 waxaa dalalka xeebaha ah loo ogol yahay in ay siyaadsadaan aagga badda taas oo ah 200nm+150nm si loo gaarsiiyaan ilaa 350 mayl-badeed.

Qodobka Article 76 ee Xeerka Xadaynta Badaha waxa uu si qeexan u sheegaya macluumaadka looga baahan yahay dalalka leh xeebaha si loogu kordhiyo ballaca badda ay xuquuqda u leeyihiin. Waxaa loo baahan yahay cabbir ka soo bilaabanaya Xeebta dalka ilaa 350nmi (648 km) oo dhanka badda ah.

Dhulbadeedka Soomaalia Territorial Sea (200 mayl-badeed)
Wixii ka dambeeyey 2009 waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay ku darsato 150 nautical mile oo dheeraad ah

Xeerka badaha Soomaaliya: Territorial Waters (200 nm)

Dalka Soomaaliya dhul-badeedkeeda waxaa qeexaya xeerka Law No. 37 oo soo baxay 1972, xeerkaas oo Soomaalidu aysan marna ka tanaasulin. Islamarkaasna 1982 iyo 1989 waxay Soomaaliya saxiixday xeerka badaha ayadoo waafajineysa xeerka 1972 oo aysan ka tanaasulin.

Waa maxay xigmadda halkaas ku jirtaa?

• Waa arrin raad ku leh hab-fikradii taariikhda fog ee soo kala horjeedey ee Mare Clausum (closed sea - oo ah bad gaar kuu ah) iyo Mare liberum (high seas ama free sea - oo ah bad la wadaago).

Waxaa jira in xeerarka badahu ay asal ahaan salka ku hayaan in dawladaha itaalka roon, sida gumaystayashii reer Yurub, ay ka dhaadhiciyeen caalamka inaan badda dalku leeyahay ee Territorial Waters laga badin 3 mayl-badeed,  markii dambena layiri 12 mayl-badeed. Arrintaas 1970-naadkii si ay dalalkii itaalka roonaa ugu qanciyaan dalalkii loo aqoon jirey Dunida Saddexaad, haddase loo yaqaan dalalka soo koraya, ayaa waxaa loo soo bandhigay hab-fikirka aagga dhaqaalaha EEZ oo ah 200 mayl-badeed oo dalalku khayraadka kala bixi kartaan, laakiin loo sheegay in aaggaasi yahay lala leeyahay oo  maraakiibta dagaalka ee dalalka kale mari karaan. Waxaana markaas la yiri aagga aan la idiin soo dhaafi karin Territorial Waters waa 12 nm oo dhulkiina ka mid ah.

Dalal ay Soomaaliya ka mid tahay oo loo bixiyey Territorialist States, waxay ku adkaysteen in 200 mayl-badeed ay u tahay Territorial Waters oo ah dhul-badeed ay leeyihiin oo aan lagu soo xad gudbi karin, halkii ay ka noqon lahayd EEZ oo ah aagga dhaqaalaha oo keliya.

Bishii September 16, 2011 ayaa shir waddama Bariga Afrika oo lagu qabtay Seychelles waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in badda Soomaaliya lagu soo koobo 12 mayl badeed, markaa ayaa Faarax Qare, Taliyaha Ciidanka Badda Soomaaliya, waxa uu kulankii ka dalbaday in arrintaas cudurdaar laga bixiyo, waxana uu u qeexay in badda Soomaaliya tahay Territorial Waters oo ah 200nm. Waxana uu intaas raaciyey in Soomaaliya ay saxiixday xeerka badaha Adduunka ayadoo aan ka tanaasulin xeerka Law No. 37.

• Qoraalkii Faarax Qare waxaa ka mid ah ahaa tuducdan:
  “By and with the signature and ratification of UNCLOS (as country No. 40), Somalia became a signatory to the United Nations Common Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), but under the reservation that Somalia Law No. 37 (territorial waters) would be respected ("notwithstanding the stipulations of Somali Law No 37 of 1972 concerning Somalia's territorial waters), while the provisions that the 200nm EEZ (exUNCLOS) would apply for the protection of the Somali economic interest in addition.”  (Warka oo dhan halkan ka akhri)

Waxaana Faarax Qare sheegay in beesha caalamu ay tixgelinjireen xeerka Law No. 37 ee Soomaaliya, dhulbadeedka (Teeritorial Wates) uu yahay 200 nm.

Marka loo fiirsado Dhammaan Qaraarradii Qarammada Midoobey ka soo baxay 2008 ee ku saabsanaa in ciidamada shisheeye geli karaan badda Soomaaliya waxa ay ka hadlayaan ama qeexayaan dhammaantood waa TERRITORIAL WATERS. Eeg UN Resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1838 (2008), 1846 (2008) iyo 1851 (2008) - kulli waxay ka hadlayaan Somalia Territorial Waters.

Sidoo kale December 31, 2008 markii Nairobi ay xukuumaddii Nuur Cadde heshiiska la galay reer Yurub, heshiis oo uu Nairobi ku saxiixay Wakiilka Soomaaliya u fadhiya Kenya (Cali Ameeriko) iyo Midowga Yurub, kaas oo ciidamo ka socda Yurub (EURAVFOR) u ogolaanayey in ay galaan Dhul-badeedka (Territorial Waters) - ufiirso halkaas: Waxaa heshiiska lagula galay in ay geli karaan Territorial Waters, dhul iyo cir, lamana xusin wax EEZ ah.

Soomaaliya Weligeed Kama tanaasulin 200 nm oo Territorial Waters ah

Waxay ahayd 1960 markii ay Soomaaliya Dastuurkeeda ku qeexday in dhulkeeda xorta ah uu soo hoos gelayo Dhul-badeedka (Territorial Sea). Sannadkii 1967 ayaa Soomaaliya fogaantii xadka Territorial Sea ee ahaa 12 mayl-badeed ee gumaystayaashii dejiyeen waxay ka dhigtay 200 mayl-badeed (370.4km) oo ah Territorial Sea.

Markii socdeen shirarkii loogu gogol dhigayey xeerka badaha adduunka, waxaa Soomaaliya ka mid ahayd dalalka ka soo horjeedey hab-fikirka EEZ, kuna dheganaa nidaamka Territorial Waters oo ah 200nm. Sida shirkii ay ka soo qaban qabiyeen AALCC ee Accra Ghana (1970), shirkii Colombo Sri Lanka (1971), shirkii Lagos Nigeria (1972). Waxaa xilligaas jirey dalal ay Kenya ugu horeyso oo u ololaynayey EEZ-ka.

Waxaa doodii meel kulul gaarey August 1972 markii Kenya ay guddigii Seabed Committee u gudbisey qoraal (draft) ay ku taageereyso hab fikirkii ahaa: In dhammaan dalalka dhul-badeedkooda territorial Waters lagu xadido 12 mayl-badeed, isla markaasna EEZ-ku noqdo 200 mayl-badeed si loo qanciyo dalalkii loo yaqaan Territorialist. Markaas ayaa Soomaaliya durbadiiba bishii xigtey ee September 1972 soo saartay sharciga Law No. 37, kaas oo qeexaya dhul-badeedka Soomaaliya in uu yahay Territorial Sea , kaas oo xoojinaya sharcigii Soomaaliya ay hore u soo saartay 1967 oo Badda Soomaaliya ku xadaynayay 200 mayl-badeed oo ah (TERRITORIAL SEA).

In aan Soomaaliya weligeed ka tanaasulin Law No. 37 waxaa sii caddeeyey go'aan ay June 6, 2013 soo saareen Golaha Wasiirada DFS, kaas oo qeexay sidan "Xukuumada Federaaliga ah ee Soomaaliya waxay aqoonsan tahay sharciga qaran ee badaha Law No. 37. ee qeexaya dhererka xadka badda “territorial water” ee gaaraya 200 mayl-badeed iyo continental shelf . Waxay dawlada Soomaaliya ogolaatay xeerka badaha aduunka ee ay wax ka saxiixday 24kii Luuliyo 1989 ayadoo aan ka tanaasulin sharciga qaran."

Maxaa Soomaaliya ugu dheganayd hab fikirka Torritorial Sea oo ah 200nm

Sababta ugu weyn ee ay madaxdii hore ee Soomaalidu ugu dhegganaayeen in Soomaaliya Territorial Waters uu yahay 200 mayl-badeed, waxay ahayd la xiriirta xornimada dalka, difaaca qaranka iyo dhaqaalaha dhul-badeedkaas oo khaas u ah shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee Allah ku abuuray badda dihin ee geeska Afrika.

Arrintaas fahamkeeda oo xeel dheer waxaad ka fahmi kartaa marka aad akhridid labada qodob ee hoose oo kamid ah Xeerka Badaha Adduunka, qobodabaas oo kan hore khuseeyo Dhul-badeedka (Territorial Waters oo 200nm ah), kan labaadna Aagga Ganacsiga (EEZ):

Qaybta (PART II) ee xeerka Badaha Adduunka oo ku saabsan Dhul-badeedka (TERRITORIAL SEA) waxa ka mid ah:

• Qodobka (Article 2) ee xeerka badaha oo khuseeya Territorial Sea - waxa uu qeexayaa in xornimada dalka xeebta leh ay sharci ahaan gaarsiisan tahay dhul-badeedka (Territorial Sea) iyo hawada ka saraysa Territorial Sea iyo dhulka ka hoose badda ee Territorial Sea. (Xornimada dalku waxay gaarsiisan tahay dhulka iyo dhul-badeedka (Territorial Sea) iyo hawada ka saraysa iyo dhulka ku hoos jira badda). UFIIRSO HALKAAS: Aaggaas dalka ayaa mulkiyad u leh, meel aad mulkiyad u leedahayna wixii ku jira adiga ayaa iska leh oo cid kale kulama leh. Dhaqaalihiisa adigaa leh. Laguma soo xad gudbi karo.

Qaybta (PART V) ee xeerka badaha Adduunka oo ku saabsan Aagga Dhaqaalaha EEZ (EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE), waxaa ka mid ah:

• Qodobka (Article 56) ee xeerka badaha oo khuseeya EEZ - waxa uu qeexaya in dalalka xeebaha leh, marka laga hadlayo EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) ay xaq u leeyihiin in ay aaggaas ka faa'iidaystaan khayraadkiisa, sahamin ka samaysan karaan, khayraadka halkaas ku jira maarayn karaan.
• Qodobka (Article 58) ee xeerka badaha oo khuseeya EEZ - waxa uu qeexayaa in dhammaan dalalka, ha noqdeen kuwo xeeb leh ama kuwo aan lahayn, waxay maraakiibtoodu mari kartaa aaggaas dhaqaalaha (EEZ) iyo hawada ka saraysaba, waxayna aaggaas badda hoosteeda dhigan karaan fiillooyinka (cables) iyo tuubooyin (pipeline) sida uu sii cadaynayo qodobka Article 87 ee xeerka badaha.

Labadaas xeer ee sare waxaa ku qeexan haddii Soomaaliya aqbali lahayd hab-fikirka EEZ, oo la dhehi lahaa qaata 200 nm oo EEZ ah iyo 12 nm oo Territorial Waters ah, markaas meel xeebta u jirta 12 mayl-badeed ayaa dalalka deriska ah ee aan badda lahayn waxay marsan lahaayeen fiilooyiin iyo tuubooyin aysan Soomaalida kala tashan. Laakiin madaxdii Soomaalida ee xilligaas waxay lahaayeen aragti xeel dheer, waana sababta keentay in la loodin waayey xeerka Law No. 37.

Waxaa xusid mudan Soomaaliya keli kuma aha lahaanshada xeer baddeeda oo Territorial Sea ku xadaynaya 200 mayl-badeed. Waxaa ku weheliya dalal kale oo ku yaal Latin America iyo Afrika. (Eeg shaxda hoose oo muujinaysa qaar ka mid ah dalalkaas, iyo sharciyada ay ka soo saareen Territorila Waters.) Peru waxay xeerkaas ku qoratay Dastuurka.

Maxaa hadda keenay in laga hadlo EEZ

• "Marka Soomaaliya aqbasho EEZ ee nidaamka hoos imanaya UNCLOS, markaas waxaa loo baahan doonaa in Soomaaliya iyo Kenya ay bilaabaan wada xaajood labada dalba aqbalsan yihiin oo kusaabsan xuduud badeedka. Taasi waxay albaabka u fureysaa suurtagal in ay noqoto in dib loo xadeeyo xuduud badeedka badda ayadoo laga bedelayo xariiqda ku qotonta xeebta (perpendicular position) oo loo bedelo xariiq jiifta oo laacaysa loolka (Latitude line). Isbedelkaasi waxa uu xaqiiqo ahaan dhulka la isku hayo qaybtiis ama gebi ahaantiisba hoos geynayaa badda Kenya. Sababtaas awgeed ayey ahayd tii keentay in 8-dii October 2011 ay Xildhibaanada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya cod ku diideen isku daygii ahaa in EEZ lagu soo daro nidaamkii Roadmap-ka," sidaas waxay ku caddahay warbixinta UN-ka ee S/2013/413 soona baxday July 12, 2013 boggeeda 249 iyo 250.
• Dawladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa barlamaanka u gudbisey hindise sharciyeed cusub oo loo samaynayo Kalluumaysiga kaas oo lagu soo daray qodob badda Soomaaliya ku soo koobaya 12 maylbadeed iyo 200 oo ah EEZ, halkii ay ka ahayd 200 maylbadeed oo Territorial waters ah.. HALKAN KA AKHRI.. Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya oo July 17, 2013 si kulul uga dooday Sharciga Cusub ee Kalluumaysiga iyo Xeerka Badda Soomaaliya ee Law No. 37.

Dawladdii KMG ee uu madaxweynaha ka yahay Sheikh Shariif Axmed ayaa noqotay tii ugu horeysey oo heshiis Isfaham oo muran gelinaya Badda Soomaaliya la gashay Kenya. Waxayna Kenya laga soo bilaabo 1970-naadkii maanka ku haysey hab-fikirka EEZ oo Soomaalida sida qayaxan uga soo horjeedey. Waxaase April 2009 ay Kenya heshay madax Soomaaliyeed oo si ka fiirsasho la'aan ah ula saxiixday heshiiskaas.

Laakiin markii dambe, Agoosto 2009 ayaa heshiiskaas isfahamka waxaa laga dhigay waxba kama jiraan. Taas markii ay arkeen Kenya iyo xulufadeedii waxay bilaabeen in ay madaxdii Soomaalida ka dhaadhiciyaan in badda Soomaaliya aysanba cabbir lahayn, sidaas daraadeed in la idiin samaynayo EEZ cusub oo ah 200 maylbadeed iyo 12 maylbadeed oo ah Territorial Waters.

Waxa arrintaasi markaas ka soo bilaabatay in 21-23 May 2010 ee ka dhacay Istanbuul, Turkiga, markii Wasiirkii Xannaanada Xoolaha, Dhirta iyo Daaqa ee DFKMG Abuukar Cabdi Cusmaan uu shirkaas Istanbul ka yiri "Aagga Ganacsiga EEZ ee badda Soomaaliya looma cabirin si rasmi ah oo waafaqsan xeerka badaha Adduunka ee Qarammada Midoobey." Waxaana xigey haddallo xiriir ah oo ka soo yeerayey madaxda Dawladda FKMG ee Sheikh Shariif.

Ugu dambayntiina waxaa EEZ lagu daray qodobadda shardiga looga dhigay in DFKMG looga saarayo kumeel gaarska, shirkii "wadatashiga" ee Muqdisho 6 September 2011 Roadmap, kaas oo dhigayey in la xadaynayo EEZ, arrintaasi haddey hirgeli lahayn waxay noqon lahayd:

1. In ayadoo la adeegsanayo madaxda DFKMG meesha laga saaro xeerka Soomaaliya u soo dhisnaa 40-sano, Law No. 37.
2. In la yiraahdo hadda ayaa la idiin sameeyey EEZ, sidaas daraadeed maadaama aydin hore u lahayn, wixii dembiyo ahaa ee shisheeye ka geystey xeebaha Soomaaliya wixii ka baxsan 12nm waa wax aan cidna loo raacayn, sida kalluumaysigii sharci darrada ahaa iyo sunta lagu aasay oo aan cidna lagu dacwayn karayn.

Waxaase arrintaas markale is hortaagey baarlamaanka DFKMG oo kulankii October 8, 2011, kaas oo laalay wixii heshiisyo la galay wixii ka dambeeyey Janaayo 1991, islamarkaasna si qeexan u sheegay "In Hay’adaha Dastuuriga ee Kumeel gaarka ah ee dalka; sida Madaxtooyada, Baarlamanka iyo xukuumadda aysan awood u lahayn in ay wax ka bedelaan ama dib u eegis ama ka wada xaajood ku sameeyaan Xaduud badeedka Soomaaliya, iyo xuduudka hawada iyo dhulka Soomaaliya....Cid walba oo ku xadgudubta waxa ay galeysaa dambi ah Khiyaanno Qaran."

Waxaa laga sugayay in madaxweynahii DFKMG Shariif Axmed uu saxiixo xeerkii uu baarlamaanka DFKMG sida buuxda isugu raacay.

Sida sharciga ah ee DFKM ugu qoran Dastuurka waa in  Madaxwaynaha uu saxiixo, kadib markii Baarlamaanku soo gudbiyo, kadibna u gudbiyo cida ay khusayso iyo hay'adaha fulinta, taasi weli dhicin (Oct 14, 2011), sababtana DFKM ayaa la waydiinayaa, la xisaabtan kaasna waxaa is leh Baarlamaanka.

Axdiga DFKMG, Qodobkiisa 36aad oo ku saabsan "SHARCI DEJIN", waxa uu dhigayaa sidan:

• 1. Marka Golaha Shacabka uu soo saaro sharci waxaa loo gudbinayaa Madaxweynaha si uu u ansixiyo.
   
• 2. Madaxweynahu labaatan iyo kow (21) maalmood gudahood, marka sharci loo soo gudbiyey si uu u ansaxiyo sida ku qeexan qaybta (1), waxaa uu u cadeynayaa Gudoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka in uu ogaaladay ama diiday sharcigaas.
   
• 3. Haddii Madaxweynaha diido inuu ku ansaxiyo sharci la soo hordhigay afar iyo toban (14) maalmood gudahood, wuxuu qoraal tilmaamaya faritaanada sharcigaas ee ay la tahay in dib loo eego si wax looga beddelo uu u gudbinayaa Gudoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka.
   
• 4. Golaha Shacabka wuxuu dib u eegayaa sharciga Madaxweynuhu ku soo celiyey iyadoo tixgelinaya faalada Madaxweynaha waxayna :
• a) Ogolaanayaa soo jeedinta madaxweynaha iyagoo wax ka beddelay ama aan wax ka beddelin, kuna celinaya mar kale Madaxweynaha si uu u ogolaado, ama
• b) Diidayaan soo jeedinta Madaxweynaha waxayna ansixinayaan sharcigii hore oo aan waxba laga bedelin iyadoo lagu meel marinayo cod bixin aan ka yareyn 65% xidhibaanada Golaha Shacabka taasoo Madaxweynaha ogolaan doono sharciga afar iyo toban (14) maalmood gudahood maalinta sharciga la soo gudbiyey.
   
• 5. Faafinta sharci uu sameeyey Golaha Shacabka ma dhaqan geli karo ka hor inta aan Iagu daabicin faafinta rasmiga ah ee dowaladda.

Maxaa ku cusub arrinta badda:

Dawladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa barlamaanka u gudbisey hindise sharciyeed cusub oo loo samaynayo Kalluumaysiga kaas oo lagu soo daray qodob badda Soomaaliya ku soo koobaya 12 maylbadeed iyo 200 oo ah EEZ, halkii ay ka ahayd 200 maylbadeed oo Territorial waters ah.. HALKAN KA AKHRI.. Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya oo July 17, 2013 si kulul uga dooday Sharciga Cusub ee Kalluumaysiga iyo Xeerka Badda Soomaaliya ee Law No. 37.

Block L5 waxa uu gudaha 150 km ugu jiraa badda Soomaalia.  Sidoo kale xadka NFD (Sawirka Lion petroleum)

21-kii September 2011 ayaa warbaahinta loo sheegay in shirkadda TOTAL (ee laga leeyahay dalka Faransiiska) ay iibsaneyso saamiga boqolkiiba 40% shidaal ka qodista 5 aag (Blocks) oo kala ah Block L5, L7, L11a, L11b iyo L12. Heshiiskaas waxaa shirkadda Total la gashay shirkado hore saamiyo aaggaas ugu lahaa iyo dawladda Kenya, waxaana heshiiskaas la kala saxiixday 19-kii September 2011, maalin kaddibna 20-kii September 2011 ayaa loo gudbiyey Wasaaradda Tamarka ee Kenya si heshiiskaas loo ansixiyo, taas oo in la ansixiyey saxaafadda loo sheegay 6-dii October 2011.

Arrinta taas xigtey in October 16, 2011 ay ciidamada Kenya ka gudbeen xadka NFD oo gudaha u galeen Soomaaliya. (Akhri...)

Shirkii Tamarta ee lagu Qabtay Norway

Toddobaad ka hor intii aan Ciidanka Kenya gelin gudaha Soomaaliya, waxaa Oslo dalka Norway lagu qabtay shir looga hadlay tamarta (Energy Plus Partnership) oo ay ka qayb galeen Kenya iyo Ethiopia. Shirkaas oo la qabtay 10kii iyo 11kii October 2011 waxaa Kenya uga qayb galay Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Kenya Raila Odinga iyo Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Moses Watengula (oo Soomaalidu ku xasuusato in uu Kenya u saxiixay heshiiska Is-fahamka ee Norway ku luglahayd ee uu la saxiixday DFKMG). Dhanka Ethiopia waxaa shirka Oslo uga qayb galay Meles Zenawi. Waxaa kale oo kulankaas ka qayb galay Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Norway Jens Stoltenberg iyo xoghayaha guud ee Qarammada Midoobey Ban Ki-moon .

Shirkii Tamarta ee lagu qabtay Oslo Norway oo ay ka qayb galeen Kenya iyo Itoobiya (isha Sawirka)

Hoos ka akhri Tixraac qodobo kamid ah xeerka badaha oo khuseeya EEZ iyo Territorial Waters:

TERRITORIAL SEA

Article 2
Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil
1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.
2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.
3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.

EEZ (EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE)

Article 56
Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone
1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has: (a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds;

Article 58
Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone
1. In the exclusive economic zone, all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy, subject to the relevant provisions of this Convention, the freedoms referred to in article 87 of navigation and overflight and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines, and compatible with the other provisions of this Convention.
2. Articles 88 to 115 and other pertinent rules of international law apply to the exclusive economic zone in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part.

Article 87
Freedom of the high seas
1. The high seas are open to all States, whether coastal or land-locked. Freedom of the high seas is exercised under the conditions laid down by this Convention and by other rules of international law. It comprises, inter alia, both for coastal and land-locked States:
(a) freedom of navigation;
(b) freedom of overflight;
(c) freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines, subject to Part VI;

Article 3
Breadth of the territorial sea
Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention. (FG: Halkaas weeye meeesha Soomaaliya sida xooggan u diidey, kana soo saartay Law No. 37 ee 1972 oo Somalia tarritorial Sea ka dhigaya 200 nautical miles.)

Article 57
Breadth of the exclusive economic zone
The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured

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• ARAGTIDA DADWEYNAHA: Jawaabtaada toos ugu qor halkan

Faafin: SomaliTalk.com | October 20, 2011

Waa Maxay Mayl-Badeed (Nautical Mile)

Mayl-Badeed Waxaa loola jeedaa maylka lagu cabiro badda, waayo waa mayl (mile) ka duwan kan berriga lagu cabiro. Mile-ka badda waxaa loo yaqaan "Nautical Mile" oo AfSoomaali ku noqonaya Mayl-Badeed, waxana uu u dhigmaa 1.85 km (ama 1,852 metres). Halka mile-ka caadiga ah ee berrigu uu u dhigmo 1.6 km (ama 1,609 metres). Taas oo muujinaysa in Mayl-badeedku uu waxyar ka badan yahay Mayl-ka berriga (1852 mitir - 1609 mitir = 243 mitir). Mayl-Badeedka waxaa loo soo gaabiyaa NM. Tixraac:

Xeerka Badaha Adduunka

Xeerka badaha adduunka waxaa in la saxiixo loo furay December 10, 1982, waxana uu dhaqan galay November 16, 1994 kaddib markii ay dhaqan geliyeen 60 dal. Dalalka ilaa hadda saxiixay tiradoodu waa 161 dal.

Dalalka saxiixay, laakiin aan ilaa hadda dhaqan gelin waxay gaarayaan ugu yaraan 17 dal oo ay ka mid yihiin Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Colombia, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Iran, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Libya, Liechtenstein, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, United Arab Emirates, United States.

Dalalka aan xitaa saxiixin,  oo aan dhaqan gelin waxay gaarayaan ugu yaraan 17 oo ay ka mid yihiin Andorra, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Eritrea, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, San Marino, South Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela iwm..

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Soomaaliya Ururrada ay Xubinta ka tahay:

Soomaaliya waxay ka mid ahayd 33 dal oo asaasay Ururkii Midowga Africa 25kii May 1963, markaas ayayna xubin ka noqotay ururkaas OAU. Ururkaas waxaa 9kii July 2002 loo bedeley Midowga Africa (AU) waxana uu ka kooban yahay 53 dal. Ururka Jamciyadda Carabta oo ay xunbo ka yihiin 22 dal waxaa la asaasay 22kii March 1945, waxayna Soomaaliya Ururka Carabta xubin ka noqotay 14kii February 1974. Sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka tahay 192 dal oo ka tirsan Ururka Qarammada Midoobe (QM) oo la asaasay 1945 dagaalkii labaad ee Adduunka kaddib. Waxay Soomaaliya ururka QM xubin ka noqotay 20kii September 1960.

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