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TAARIIKHDA WAR-ISGAARSIINTA Qaybtii 8-aad
FARSAMADA TALEEFOONKA (TELEPHONE) Marka hore, waa maxay taleefoon? Taleefoonku waxa weeye aalad lagu wada hadlo iyadoo la kala joogo meelo kala fog; wuxuu leeyahay qayb hadalka (iyo xog qoraal ah) dirta (transmitter) oo codka (iyo qoraalka) qofka soo diray u rogta tamar danabeed, ama hirar birlab-danabeed ah, oo dabadeed raacisa waayirro ama hawada, iyo qayb labaad oo tamar danabeedkii, ama hirar birlab-danabeedkii la soo diray qabata (receiver) oo u rogta cod ama qoraal qofka kale ee lala hadlayo uu garan karo. Yaa hindisay farsamada taleefoonka?
Mr. Bell, ilaa iyo markii uu 18-jir ahaaba, wuxuu ku hawlanaa sidii uu dadka dhegoolayaasha ah ugu gudbin lahaa hab ay dadka kale kula xiriiraan si ay uga qayb qaataan wada xiriirka bulshada inteeda kale. Sannadkii 1874-kii, kadib markii uu darsay farsamadii telegaraafka [eeg qaybtii 7aad ee taxanahan], wuxuu hindisay fikraddii aaladda taleefoonka, wuxuuna billaabay tijaabooyin kala duwan isagoo kaashanayey nin kaaliye u ahaa oo magaciisa la oran jirey Thomas Watson. Tijaabooyinkaas wuxuu ku guuleystay taariikhdu markii ay ahayd March 10, 1876-kii, markii uu Mr. Bell si aan ku-talaggal ahayn uu aaladda taleefoonka ugu gudbiyey hadalkii ugu horreeyey ee abid taleefoon lagu dawiyo oo ahaa: “Watson, come here; I want you.” Oo micnaheedu yahay: “Watsonow kaalay halkan; adiga ayaan ku doonayaaye”.
Suuq-gelintii Farsamada Taleefoonka: Mr. Bell, si uu macaash badan uga helo aaladdii taleefoonka, ayaa wuxuu billaabay in uu goobo kala duwan kusoo bandhigo habka loo adeegsado oo la iskula hadlo aaladda taleefoonka. Sannadkii 1876-kii ayuu Carwo Caalami ah oo lagu qabtay magaalada Philadelphia, oo ka tirsan gobolka Pennsylvania ee dalka Maraykanka, ku soo bandhigay aaladdii taleefoonka ee uu ikhtiraacay; bandhiggaas caalamiga ah wuxuu u noqday fursad aad u qiimo badan oo u suurtaggelisay in uu dunida oo dhan ku shaaciyo aaladdan cusub ee uu hindisay. Waxaa xusid mudan in nin Maraykan ah oo magaciisa la dhaho Elisha Gray uu isaguna sheegtay in uu ka shaqeynayey samaynta aaladda taleefoonka; wuxuuna warqad u gudbiyey xafiiska bixiya leysinka xuquuqda farsamooyinka la ikhtiraaco (the patent office); warqaddaas wuxuu ku sheegay in uu ku hawlan yahay soo saarista aalad la iskula hadlo. Isla maalintii uu Mr. Gray warqaddaas gudbiyey ayaa Mr. Bell uu xafiiskii shati-bixinta ku war-geliyey in uu isagu leeyahay hindisaha farsamada taleefoonka, wuxuuna tusay aaladdii taleefoonka oo xilligaas diyaar u ahayd. Haddaba, Mr. Bell, oo aan markaas heysan dhalasha dalka Mareykanka, iyo Mr. Gray waxaa dhex maray loollan sharciyeed oo uu mid kastaaba ku dagaallamayey sidii uu ku hanan lahaa leysinka farsamada taleefoonka. Markii dambana, maxkamad sare ayaa go’aamisey in Mr. Alexander Graham Bell uu sharci ahaan leeyahay hindisaha farsamada taleefoonka. Waxayna xukun ku riday cid kasta oo Mr. Bell la sheegata iktiraacidda farsamada taleefoonka in aan sharci ahaan loo aqoonsan doonin.
Sannadkii 1880-kii, dowladdii Faransiiska ee xilligaas ayaa Mr. Bell guddoonsiisey abaalgudka magaciisa la dhaho Volta Prize oo u dhigma 50,000 (konton kun) oo lacagta faransiiska ah (francs), oo uu ku muteystay ikhtiraacidda farsamada dadka u sahashay in ay ku wada hadlaan iyagoo xitaa kala jooga goobo aad u kala durugsan. Isla sannadkii 1880-kii, Mr. Bell oo ka faa’iideysanaya deeqda lacageed ee uu farsamadiisa ku helay, ayaa shirkad kale oo magaceeda la dhaho Volta Laboratory uu ka aasaasay magaalada Washington, D.C. ee dalka Mareykanka; shirkaddaas, sida magaceedaba laga garan karo, wuxuu ku maalgeliyey lacagtii ay ugu deeqday dowladdii Faransiiska ee xilligaas, wuxuuna u dhisay in lagu sameeyo sahan cilmi-baariseed oo uu ku horumarinayo farsamadiisa cusub ee dadku u bogay. Akhri qaybta 9-aad ee TAXANAHA TAARIIKHDA WAR-ISGAARSIINTA, Guji... Aad baan usoo dhaweynayaa fikradaha akhristayaasha. Wixi talo iyo turxaan bixin ah waxaan codsanayaa in e-mail la iigu soo diro.
W.Q. C/fataax M. Cabdulle Ottawa, On. Canada
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Daabaco
Boggan | Print
Aqoonyahankii reer Scottish, Mr. Alexander Graham Bell,
ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay in uu markii ugu horreysay ikhtiraacay aaladda
taleefoonka, sannadkii 1875-kii. Taleefoonkii 1d ee uu sameeyay (
Haddaba, sannadkii 1876-kii ayuu
Mr. Bell leysin u diiwaangeliyey farsamadii uu
ikhtiraacay oo taleefoonka ahayd si isaga loogu sharciyeeyo. Sannadkii
xigayna wuxuu sameeyey shirkad weyn oo uu magaceeda u bixiyey
Bell Telephone Company (Shirkadda
Taleefoonka ee Bell).
 QAYBTA
7aad |
 QAYBTA
9aad |
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