Nelson Rolihlahla MANDELA

27 sano oo uu xabsi ku jirey kaddib, ayaa Mandela loo doortay in uu noqdo madaxweynihii u horeeyey ee K/Afrika si xor ah loo soo doorto. Xukuumadiisa oo noqotay tii ugu horeysey ee kadhigta K/Afrika meel ay u simanyihiin ama isku xaqyihiin dadka kala midabka ah ee u dhashay dalkaas. Kumana uusan dhaqaaqin wax aargoosi ah oo uu u geystey xukuumadii xabsiga kuhaysey 27ka sano.

Taariikh Kooban ee Mandela

• 18 July 1918 ayaa Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela kudhashay meesha lagumagcaabo Qunu, oo u dhow tuulada Umtata, Transkei.
   
• Abihiiis, Henry Mgadla Mandela, wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyaha degaanka Thembuland [chief councillor]. Markii uu dhintayna waxaa derejadaas loo caleemasaaray Mandela. Waqtigaas Mandela wuxuu ku hamiyay in uu noqdo qareen [Layer].
   

  Calaamada ANC   Dhallinyaro Xabsi  Mandela_Winnie Codbixin  Madaxweyne Awoowe Calanka K/Afr.

  Qolkii Mandela kuxirnaa. Jasiirada Robben

• Mandela waxaa laqoray Healdtown Methodist Boarding School, kadibna wuxuu BA degree ka bilaabay Fort Hare. Waqtigaas [1940] oo uu katirsanaa ururka SRC wuxuu kaqaybgalay mudaharaad ardaydu dhigeen, markaas ayaa laga eryey waxbarashadii, dadkii waqtigaas lala cayriyey waxaa kamid ahaa Oliver Tambo. Kadib waxaa Mandela waxbarashadii kudhamaystirtay qaabka looyaqaan "correspondence" ee Johannesburg, wuxuu isudiiwan geliyey LLB ee jaamacada lagumagcaabo "University of the Witwatersrand".
   
• 1944  Mandela waxa uu kaqaybqaatay asaaskii ururka dhallinyarada ee ANC ee lagumagcaabo ANC Youth League. Ururkaas oo markii dambe qaab-siyaasadeedkiida ay ANC dijisey sannadkii 1949.
   
• 1952 waxaa Mandela loo doortay hoggaamiyaha Ololihii lamagacbaxay "Ololihii Kumadax adayga" ee lagaga soo horjeedey kalafaquuqa dadka xagga sharciga. Wuxuuna waqtigaas u safray meelo kaladuwan oo K/Afrika ah si uu u abaabulo ololahaas. Waxaana markaas laguxakumay joogin Ololahaas, waxyar kadibna waa lamamnuucay, waxaana Mandela lagu ganaaxay in uusan kabixikarin Johannesburg. Waqtigaas wuxuu Mandela abuubuley "Qorshihii M-da" [M Plan], kaas oo faracyadii ANC-da lookala jejeibnayey unugyo qorsoodi ah ama si qarsoodi ah u hawlgala.
   
• Isla sannadkii 1952 ayaa Mandela iyo Tambo waxay K/Afrika ka fureen xarun sharciga oo ahayd tii ugu horeysey ee wadanka oo ay leeyihiin dadka madow, markaas Mandela wuxuu ahaa madaxweyne kuxigeenka ANC ee heer qaran iyo madaxweynaha Transvaal ee isla ururkaas ANC.
   
• Codsi wadajira oo ay qoreen ama saxiixeen qaybta qareenada ee looyaqaan "Transvaal Law Society" oo ahaa in habka qareenimda laga xayuubiyo Mandela ayaa waxaa diidey maxkamada sare K/Afrika [Supreme Court].
   
• Sannadihii 50-maadkii qaybtiisii dambe waxaa Mandela lagusoo oogey dacwad ah "Khiyaamo Qaran", waqtigaas oo uu isagu isu ahaa qareenka is-difaacaya.
   
• 1960 ayaa ANC lamamnuucay kaddib Xasuuqii Sharpeville. Waxaana Mandela laxiray ilaa 1961 kadib markii uu dhuumaalaysi galay si uu u abuulay shirweyne qaran. Isla sannadkaas waxaa asaasmay "Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)" oo ah garabka militari ee ANC. Waxay bilaabeen curyaamin dawlada iyo dhaqaalaha ah taas oo uu, waa Mandela, hogaaminaye ka ahaa arintaan.
   
• 1962 ayuu Mandela u ambabaxay dalka Algeria si uu u soo qaato tababar xagga Milleteriga ah iyo in uu soo agaasimo tababar ay qaataan xubnaha kame ee MK. Markii uu dalka kusoo laabtay ayaa laxiray iyadoo lagusoo eedeeyey in uu wadanka si sharci darro ah uga baxay iyo in uu dhiirigeliyey mudaharaad, taas oo isagu isu noqday qareenka is-difaacaya. Waxaa markaas bishii November 1962 laguxukumay shansano oo xarig ah. Intii uu xabsiga kujirey ayaa lagusoo oogey xukunkii lamagacbaxay "Rivonia trial" kaas oo lagusoo eedeeyey Curyaamin ama kharibaad qaran, waxaana lagu xukumay xabsi daa'im ama madaxaagu ha-ku-furto.
   
• Mandela waxaa laguxiray xabsiga aadka loo ilaaliyo ee kuyaal jasiirada yar ee  Robben, xabsigaan oo looyaqaan "Robben Island Prison". Waa jasiirad yar oo 7Km gudaha ugujirta badda udhow magaalada Cape Town. Bishii April 1984 waxaa Mandela loo bedeley xabsiga looyaqaan "Pollsmoor Prison" oo kuyaal Cape Town. Bishii December 1988 ayaa  loo wareejiyey xabsiga "Victor Verster Prison" oo u dhow Paarl taas oo ahayd meeshii uu ugu dambayntii kagasoo baxay xabsiga.
   
• 27kaa sano ee uu xiraa, Mandela, wuxuu xabsigu noqday goob waxbarasho taas oo uu isagu abaabulijirey in ay maxaabiistu waxbartaan, lamana soo sheegin in uu marna ka tanaasuley mowqifkiisii iyada oo xataa loo soo bandhigay in lacafindoono. Sanadihii Toddobaatanaadkii wuxuu diidey aqbalaada Transkei, sanadihii siddeetamaadkiina wuxuu diidey soojeedintii PW Botha ee ahayd in xoriyad lasiinayo hadii uu joojiyo "rabshadaha"  

• Axad 11 February 1990 ayaa Mandela xabsiga lagasiidaayey.
   
• Mandela wuxuu ka haystaa derejada-sharafeedka loo yaqaab "honorary degrees" in kabadan 50 Jaamacadood oo dunida ah.
   
• 1993 waxaa Mandela la gudoonsiiyey "Nobel Peace Prize" taas oo uu magaalada Oslo, Norway, 10 December 1993 kajeediyey khudbad aqbalkaada NOBEL PRIZE-ka.
   
• 10 May 1994 ayaa Mandela loo doortay in uu noqdo madaxweynihii u horeeyey ee K/Afrika si xor ah loo soo doorto, wuxuuna madaxweyne ahaa ilaa June 1999. Xukuumadiisa oo noqotay tii ugu horeysey ee kadhigta K/Afrika meel ay u simanyihiin ama isku xaqyihiin dadka kala midabka ah ee u dhashay dalkaas. Taas oo weliba uusan ku dhaqaaqin wax aargoosi ah oo uu u geystey xukuumadii xabsiga kuhaysey 27ka sano.
   
• June 1999 ayaa Nelson Mandela kafariistay hawlaha ama [retired from Public]. waxaana uu hadda kunoolyahay meeshii uu ku dhashay ee Qunu, Transkei.

Waxaa xusid mudan  khudbadii Nelson Mandela uu bishii January 1962 kajeediyey shirkii PAFMECA [Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa] ee laguqabtay magaalada Addis Ababa, kan oo looga hadlayey xoriya gaarsiinta Afrika.

Khudbadaas bilowgeeda waxaa Mandela xusay wadamadii markaas [1962] xorta ahaa, taas oo uu ku xusay Soomaaliya. Xaalka hadda ee Soomaaliya jawaabteeda, waxkaqabadkeeda, iyo talobixinteedaba waxaan u deyney akhristayaasha.

Dabcan, waa arin muhiimad gaar ah leh in Soomaalida taariikhda dersa ama haya taariikhda Soomaaliya, in ay ururiyaan taariikhdaas wadanka maadaama ay burbureen goobihii matxafka iyo taariikh-dhawrka ee Soomaalidu lahayd kafac-kafac.

Hadii aad rabtid in aad waxbadan ka ogaatid taariikhda dheer ee Nelson Mandela, soo booqo bogga  Macluumaadka Mandela. [kuqoran luqada Ingiiska]

Waxaa iskusoo dubaridey bahda SomaliTalk.com

2001-10-19
DISTRIBUTED VIA SOMALITALK.COM

Nelson Mandela oo lagu Sharfayo Dhalashada Canada SomaliTalk | 20/10/2001 Madaxweynihii hore Koonfur Afrika, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, ayaa noqday qofkii labaad ee taariikhda dalka Canada lagu sharfo dhalashada dalka Canada [Honorary Canadian Citizenship]. Sida ay soo werisey warbaahinta Canada [Canadian Press] waxaa Mandela lagu sharfay dalka Canada bartamaha bisha November ee sannadkan 2001 si uu u aqbalo  sharfida dhalashada Canada iyo weliba derejada doctor ee sharciga [doctor of laws degree] iyo si uu u arko dugsi kuyaal Toronto oo loogu magacdari doono "Nelson Mandela". Derejadaas doctorate-ka ah waxaa 17ka November 2001 kusharfay Jaamacada Ryerson University oo kutaal magaalada Toronto. Sidookale waxaa islajaamacadaasi derejada Doctorate kusharfidoontaa xaaska Mandela, Graça Machel, oo kuwehelin doonta safarkiisa. War jaraa'id oo jaamacadu qabatay ayey kusheegtay sida ay ugu faraxsanyihiin in Mr. Mandela iyo Mrs. Machel ay yimaadaan  xarunta Jaamacadda. Inta uusan aqbalin derejadaas doctorate-ka ah, waxaa mandela kaqayb galay xaflad laguqabtay dugsiga hadda lagumagcaabo "Park Public School" Sawirkani waa kii uu Mandela kaga qaybgalay doorashadii madaxtinimada K/A ee uu ku guulaystay, waana sawir katarjumaya kaladuwanaanshaha midabka dadka kunool K/Afrika iyo sida uu Mandela u doonayey in uu mideeyo.   kaas oo loo bixindoono "Nelson Mandela Park Public School".  Carruur kujira fasalada 5aad iyo 6aad oo dhigta dugsigaas oo kaqaybgalay shirka jaraa'id ayaa muujiyey sida ay ugu faraxsanyihiin go'aanka hogganka iskoolkoodu uu qaatay ee ah in ay arintaan shaaca ka qaadeen, waa magcaabida dugsiga'e. Mandela oo hadda 83 jir ah ayaa lafilayaa in uu 18ka November 2001 tago caasimada dalka Canada ee Ottawa si uu u guddoomo sharfida dhalashada Canada [Honorary Canadian Citizenship], xafladan oo laguqabanayo aqalka "House of Common". Sharfidaan ay Canada kusharaftay Mandela ayaa ah tii labaad ee ay Canada weligeed bixiso. Waxay ahayd sannadkii 1985 markii ay Canada kusharaftay [honorary Canadian citizen] dublamaasi Swedish ah oo lagu magcaabo Raoul Wallenberg, taas oo uu ku mutaystay sida lasheegay badbaadintii uu badbaadiyey 100,000 Jews ah waqtigii Holocaust. Safarka uu Mandela ku imanayo Canada ayaa ah kii saddexaad ee uu kuyimaado. Sannaadkii 1998 ayay ahayd markii  Mandela uu kaqaybgalay 40,000 oo ciyaal iskuul ah ay isugu soo baxeen garoonka weyn ee SkyDome [Canada] si loo asaaso hay'adda mucaawanida Caruurta ee lagu magcaabo "Nelson Mandela Children's Fund" qaybteeda Canada. Waxase taas kahoreeyey socdaalkii uu Mandela kuyimid Canada sannadkii 1993, waxa uu markaas booqday magaalooyinka Toronto, Montreal iyo Iqaluit (Arctic town). Graca Machel waxay ku caanbaxday gargaarka caruurta dhibban.   Waqtigaas oo uu booqasho kumarayey Woqooyiga Ameerika waxa ay ahayd kaddib markii laga soo daayey xabsigii K/Afrika ee uu ku xiraa mudada 27ka sano ahay isaga oo kasoo horjeedey xukunkii midabtakoorka Koonfur Afrika [apartheid]. Xaaska Mandela, Graca Machel, oo u dhalatay dalka Mozambique, waxay siweyn ugu caanbaxday gargaarka carruurta, iyadoo siweyn ugu ololaysa sidii loo maqlilahaa codka carruurta tabaalaysan. Gaar ahaan Carruurta goobaha colaadaha ama dagaalada ee Afrika. Graca ninkeedii hore oo lagu magcaabijirey Samora Machel wuxuu ahaanjirey madaxweynihii Mozambique, waxaana uu kudhintay diyaarad ku qaraxday hawada Koonfur Afrika sannadkii 1986, Mandela iyo Graca   markaas oo uu madaxweyne ahaa. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay in Samora uu ahaa mid xiriir la isu harag-baxo lalahaa dhaqdhaqaaqii kasoohorjeedey xukunka midab takoorka. Guurka cusub ee Mandela iyo Graca  wuxuu kubeegnaa July 18, 1998. Taas oo uu shaaca ka qaaday  Thabo Mbeki oo waqtigaas ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeenkii Koonfur Afrika, Mandelana uu weli ahaa madaxweyne. Xafladaas guurka waxaa lagu qabtay guriga gaarka ah ee mandela oo kuyaal Johannesburg. Waqtigaas mandela da'diisu waxay ahayd 80 jir, Graca waxay ahayd 52 jir.

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