Caafimaad-darada dhulalka qaboobaha
Qaybta 1aad: Kaalinta caafimaad ee fitamiin D-ga iyo Cudurka Ootisam (Autism)
W/Q: Dr Axmed Cumar Cabdi (Axmedbaashi)
HORDHAC
Qoraalkan kooban kuma wada falaqaynka karno dhammaan dhibaatooyinka caafimaad
ee ka jira dhulalka qabow, sidaas darteed waxaan xushay arrimaha iigula
muhiimsan dhibaatooyinkaas, ahna kuwa ka dhasha fitamiin D yarida iyo cudurka
Autism.
Inkastoo taariidhyahanadu sheegaan in cudurka Riketis-ka (Rickets, oo ka
dhasha faatimiin D yarida) uu soo jiray, inta la xasuusto, illaa qarnigii labaad
CD (AD); waxaa cudurkan loo aqoonsaday mid khatar ku ah bulshada waqooyiga Yurub
xilligii warshadaha. Qarnigii 17aad, nimanka la kala yiraahdo Whistler, DeBoot
iyo Glissen waxay si kala gooni ah u ogaadeen in caruur farabadan oo ku noolayd
magaalooyinka dadku ku badan yahay ee ciriiriga ah ee waqooyiga Yurub uu
saameeyay cudur si aada lafaha u qalqaloociya, oo lagu garto dhammaadka lafaha
dhaadheer oo balaarta, lugaha iyo laf-dhabarta oo qaloocda, tabar-darro iyo
jilicsanaan murqaha ah. Haddaba jiritaan cudurkan lafaha curyaamiyaa wuxuu ku
sii siyaaday waqooyiga Yurub iyo waqooyiga Ameerica xilligii kacaankii
warshadaha, markaasoo magaalooyin ciriiriya, hawo wasaqaysanna leh aadka loo
dagay,tusaale ahaan 90% caruurta wadamada Ingiriiska iyo Netherland waxay waxaa
haleelay cudurkan.
Cudurkan wuxuu kaloo si gaar ah u saameeyay dumarka xilliga uur-qaad-ka ku
jiray, wuxuuna sababay in lafaha miskuhu ay maroorsamaan, taasoo keentay inuu
saro u kaco rafaadka iyo dhimashada hooyada iyo ilamaha labadaba waqtiga
dhalmada. Dabadeedna waxaa soo ifbaxay qaliinka-dhalidda (caesarean section), oo
si aada looga isticmaalay wadanka Ingiriiska.
Sanadkii 1822-kii, Sniadecki wuxuu arkay in caruurta ku nool magaalada Waarso
(Warsaw) uu hayo xanuun badan oo Riketis ah, meesha caruurta ku nool baadiyaha
magaaladaas uusan hayn xanuunku. Asagoo arigtadaa ka duulaya wuxuu ku dooday in
iftiinka qoraxdu yahay wax lagu dawayn karo cudurkan. 1889kii, Ururka
Caafimaadka ee Ingiriiska (British Medical Society) waxay sahmiyeen qaabka uu
cudurkan u dhaco (hab-dhaca) (epidemioligal survey), waxayna xaqiijeen in
arigtidii hore ay sax ahayd. Laakiin nasiibdarro, kumayan guulaysan inay
xaqiijiyaan in xanuunku la xiriiro la’aanta iftiinka qoraxda. Hal sano kabacdi,
Palm wuxuu ku sameeyay baaritaan aad u baahsan dhammaan dhulkii hoos imaan
jiray Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska iyo waliba dhulalka bariga (sida China iyo
Japan), kaasoo ku saabsan hab-dhaca cudurka rickets, wuxuuna ku ogaaday
muhimadda ay leedahay isudhigga qoraxdu. Wuxuuna ku booriyay in si wada-jir ah,
oo aan lookala harin, qoraxda la isugu dhigo, talaabadaasoo ka hortag iyo
daawaba u ah cudurka riketis iyo cuduro kale. Nasiibdarrose, si wanaagsan
looguma baraarugin arigtiyadaas xeesha-dheer ee Sniadecki iyo Palm, waxaana ka
soo wareegay 30 sano, markaasoo Huldschinski uu sharaxay in marka caruurta qabta
riketis-ka loo dhigo shucaaca ka soo baxa nal ka samaysan meerkuri (mercury
vapor arc lamp) ay si wanaagsan uga bogsoodaan cudurkan lafaha ku dhaca.
Horaantii waxaa caado ahaan loogu dawayn jiray cudurkan saliida kaluunka (cod
liver oil), illaa laga soo gaaray 1920 markaasoo McCollum iyo saaxibadii ay ka
dhexheleen vitamin D. Waxaa xigtay, in la ogaaday haddii shucaac loo dhigo
cuntooyin kala duwan, in si wanaagsan loogu daawayn karo, loogana hortagi karo
cudurkan, taasoo casriyaysay, dardarna galisay ka hortaga iyo dabargoyta
cudurkan. 1930-nadii, waxaa lagu guulaystay xaqiijinta in vitamin D3 uu ku
dhexsameeysmo jirka (maqaarka) dadka marka ay ku dhacaan shucaaca ka yimaada
qoraxda (UVB).[1]
Haddaba waxaa iska cad inay qaadatay qarniyo in la fahmo jiritaanka fitamiin
D, waayahanna waxaa soo ifbaxay xaqiiqooyin badan oo la xiriira fitamiinkan,
kuwaasoo soo guuxayay qarni kale ka hor intaan la qabalin. Qayb ka mid ah
khubarada nafaqada (nuitritionists) waxay ugu yeeraan sanadka 2008 sanadka
fitamiin D, marka la eego tirada xaqiiqooyinka iyo cilmibaarista lagu
guulaystay.
Dhinaca kale haddaan ka eegno dhulka soomaliyeed waxa uu dhacaa dhulbaraha oo
hela qorax joogto ah, waxaana dadkiisa loo tixgaliyaa inay ka mid yihiin
dadyowga ugu firfircoon, uguna caqliga badan qaaradda Africa; ayna u sii
dheertay caafimaad badni, marka laga reebo cudurada ka dhasha nafaqo-darada iyo
nadaafad xumada. Laakiin muuqaalkaas waxaa ku yimid isbadal marka la eego
soomaalidii faraha badnayd ee u soo hijrootay dhulalka qabow ee Yurub iyo
Waqooyiga Ameerika. Waxaa soo foodsaaray, ayaga iyo bulshooyinka madowba,
caafimaad daro saamaysay dhammaan qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada, min ilmo
dhashay illaa waayeel. Cuduro oo ay ka midyihiin jir xanuun, daal, xanuunada
maskaxda (sida depression, Schizophrenia), iyo kuwo si gaar ah u saameeyey
caruurta sida Ootiisam (Autism), fahmo daro iyo karti la`aan. Waxayna ka sare
mareen dadkay u yimaadeen xanuunaday caanka ku ahaayeen sida Macaanka,
Dhiigkarka, Shalalka, wadna-xanuunka, Kansarka iwm. Shaki kuma jiro in bay’addu
lug ku leedahay xanuunadaas faraha badan ee dhulka qaboobuhu caanka ku yahay,
lakiin xaqiiqda dhabta ah ee keenta wali la iskuma raacin, waxaa sanadihii ugu
danbeeyay soo ifbaxay muhimadda fitamiin D-ga, oo loo yaqaan Fitamiinka cadceeda
(Sunshine Vitamin).
Markaan dib u eegay qayb ka mid ah cilmibaarisyadii u danbeeyay ee la xiriira
xanuunadaan soo sheegnay iyo sababta ay dadka madow si gaar ah ugu saameeyeen,
waxaan ii soo baxday in xaqiiqda wax laga ogaaday, laakiin dadyowgan dhibani ay
la`yihiin cid wax u sheegta. Sidaas darteed baan go`aansaday inaan maqaalkaan
qoro oo aan ugu talagaly baraarujin iyo aqoon iswaydaarsi.
Xaqiiqooyinka aan soo bandhigi doono waa kuwo intooda badan ka dahsoon
dadwaynaha, oo laga yaabo inay ku cusboonaadaan xataa dhakhaatiirta qaarkeed,
maadaama ay soo ifbaxeen dhawrkii sano ee u danbeeysay.
Fitamiin D
Fitamiinkan wuxuu u jiraa qaabab kala duwan waxaana ugu muhiimsan fitamiin D2
(Ergocalciferol) iyo D3 ( Cholecalciferol), oo laga kala helo dhirta iyo
xayawaanka. Fitamiin waxaa la yiraahdaa nafaqooyin (organic nuitrients) inta
badan uusan jirku samaysan karin, lagmamaarmaanna u ah falgalo badan oo jirka
gudihiisa ka dhaca, sidaa darteed in qofku uu quuto loo baahanyahay; laakiin
fitamiin D-ga intiisa badan jirkaa lagu dhexsameeya, waxaana la isku raacay inuu
yahay hoormoon (hormone), laakiin dadka aan qorax heli karin wuxuu u noqonayaa
fitamiin. Fitamiinkani wuxuu muhiim u yahay sidii uu jirku uga faa’iidaysan
lahaa macdanka kaalshiyamka iyo fosfooraska, iyo koritaanka lafaha, muruqyada,
maskaxda (neerfayaasha) iyo difaaca jirka.
Ilaha laga helo:
Waxaa lagu sameeyaa jirka kore (maqaarka) ee qofka marka shucaaca qoraxdu ku
dhacdo, ayadoo maadada kolesteroolka (cholesterol) loo badalo fitamiin D3. Wax
ka yar boqolkiiba toban (10%) baa laga heli karaa cuntada. Sidaa darteed si
qofku u helo fitamiin ku filan waa inuu qorax kulul u dhigaa jirkiisa (sida
wajiga iyo gacmaha) ayadoon wax shucaaceeda celinkaraa uusan ku dahaarnayn sida
kareemada; dadka cad waxaa ku filan sodon daqiiqo labo ilaa sadder jeer
isbuucii, laakiin dadka madow waxay u baahan yihiin muddo intaa ka badan
shanlaab, maadaama maadada jirkooda ku jirta ee loo yaqaan Melanin ay shucaaca
qoraxda celiso. Tusaale ahaan marka qofka cadi qoraxda isu dhigo muddo 20
daqiiqo ah wuxuu jirkiisu samayn karaa 20,000 units (0.5 mg) oo fitamiin-D ah.
[2]
Isha kale ee laga helaa waa cuntooyinka ay mid yihiin kaluunka (sida sardines
iyo salmon), ukunta, caanaha iyo haruurka. Balse waxaa muhiim ah in
cuntooyinkaasi ay ka yimaadeed meel qorax leh ama ay warshaduhu ku daraan.
Sababaha Fitamiin-D yaridda
Saddexda qaybood ee keena fatamiin D yaridda waxay kala yihiin qaadasho
la’aan, dheefshiid xumo iyo jirkoo isticmaali waaya.
[3]
1) Qaadasho la’aan: tani waxay ka dhalan kartaa qorax la’aan, isticmaalka
walxaha shucaaca qoraxda celiya iyo af-ka-qaadasho la’aan (cunto ahaan ama daawo
ahaan). Waayadan danbe waxaa siyaaday talooyin ay dhakhaatiirtu bixinayeen oo ah
in qoraxda laga fogaado iyo isticmaalka kareemada shucaaca celiya, baqdin laga
qabo kansarka maqaarka darteed, taasina waxay keentay in lagu tiirsanaado
fitamiin D-ga laga helo cuntada, tanoon dabooli karin baahida. Arintani waxay si
siyaado ah u saamaysay wadamadii markiiba horaba qoraxdu ku yarayd sida Yurub
iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika. Caruurta iyo waayeelka oo inta badan guryaha ku jira iyo
dumarka xijaaban ayaa dhibku ku sii badan yahay.
2) Dheefshiidid xumo: tanina waxay dhacdaa marka ay mindhiciradu kala bixi
waayaan cuntada fitamiinka ku jira, taasoo ka dhalankarta ayagoo jiran ama
deriskunoole (parasites) ka horistaaga shaqadooda. Mindhicirada iyo haragu
(maqaarku) markay duqoobaana shaqadoodu aad bay hoos ugu dhacdaa, sidaa darted
dadka waayeelka ahi si gaar ah ayay ugu nugul yihiin fitamiin D-yaridda.
3) Isticmaal-karid la’aan: haddii jirku ku guulaysto inuu fitamiin D helo
(qaababkaan kor ku soo sheegnay), waxaa dhicikarta in qofku ka faa’iidaysan
waayo haddii uu ka jiranyahay beerka ama kalyaha, oo ah labada meelood ee
lagamamaarmaan u ah qaabaynta fitamiinka D-ga si uu shaqadiisii u qabsado. Sidoo
kale waxaa jira daawooyin haddi qofku qaadanayo sahlaya in fitamiinku si dhaqso
ah u burburo intaan laga faa’iidaysan.
Arimaha Muhiimka ah ee Saameeya Heerka Fitamiin D-ga
· Heerka midabka jirka (maqaarka) (kor ka eeg)
· U banbixidda shucaaca qoraxda
· Qaybta raashinku ku biirin karo (<10%)
· Goobta qofku dhulka ka joogo (dhigaha)(latitude)(maxaa yeelay
meelaha qaarkood si kasta oo qoraxdu u soo baxdo dhucaadeedu ma dhalinkaro
fitamiin ku filan)
· Xilli-sanadeedka lagu jiro iyo xagasha qoraxdu marayso
· Isticmaalka shucaac-celiyaayaasha (kareemooyinka, dharka, iwm)
· Banaan u bixidda
· Xajmiga jirka (qofka cayilan fitamiin D-ga dhiigiisa ku wareegaya
waa uu ka yaryahay dadka kale, maadama aa fitamiinku uu ku milmo baruurta)
Raadka Fitamiin D-yarida
Marka heerka fitamiinka D-ga ee dhiiigu hoos u dhaco waxay keeni kartaa ama
sahli kartaa in qofku la kulmo cuduro dabadheerada (chronic) sida lafa-qalqalooc
(Rickets), lafa-xombobosho (osteoporosis), murqo xanuun, daal, kansar, macaan
(sonkor), timo-daadasho, cayil, dhiigkar, cudurada kalagoysyada (Rheumatoid
arthritis), hargab-xiliyeedka (seasonal influenza) iyo kuwo kale.
Sidoo kale xogaha caafimaadku waxay muujinayaan in fitamiin D yarida ay
weheliyaan cudurada ku dhaca habdhiska dhimirka (central nerve system) sida kuwa
nafsaaniga ah (depression, schizophrenia, seasonal effective disorder) iyo kuwa
kale afka qalaad lagu yiraahdo Multiple Sclerosi, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
diseases. Haddaba tijaabooyin lagu sameeyay xayawaanka waxay muujiyeen in
fitamiin D yaridu ay keeni karto inuu xumaado koriinka iyo shaqada habdhiska
dhimirka ee ilmaha dhasha. Isku soo duuboo, isu dheelitir la’aanta heerarka
fitamiin D-ga ee jirka waxay keeni kartaa shaqo-xumo iyo cimri-degdeg ku yimaada
habdhiska dhimirka.[4]
Baaritaan lagu sameeyay caruurta qabta cudurka Oostisam-ka, oo ku dhaca
maskaxda (dhimirka), waxaa la xiqiijiyay in dhammaantood ay hayso fitamiin D
yari, taasoo taageeraysa aragtida ku doodaysa in cudurkani ka dhasho fitamiin D
yaridda.
[5]
Calaamadaha guud ee lagu garto fitamiin D yarida waxaa ka mid ah qaloocsan ku
dhaca lafaha dhaadheer ee caruurta, jir- iyo lafo-xanuun, tabardaro murqaha ah,
sahal u jabid, timo-daadasho iyo habiso (low mood).
OOTISAM (AUTISM)
Waa xanuun ka dhasha khalad ku yimaada koriinta maskaxda kaasoo aan ka harin
ilmaha inta noloshiisa ka hadhay. Waxyaalaha lagu garto waxaa ugu muhiimsan 1)
dhibaato ilmaha ka qabsata dhexgalka mujtamaca (social interaction), sida inuu
fahmo jawiga ku wareegsan, 2) inuu tayo ahaan u lumiyo la xiriirka dadka sida in
hadalku ka soo bixiwaayo ama si wanaagsan ereyada ugu dhawaaqi waayo, iyo 3) in
ilmuhu uu ku dhago ama ku celceliyo hal arin ama xarakaat.
Cudurkani wuxuu noqday mid aad u baahsan (epidemic), tusaale ahaan
Ingiriiska 88-ddii ilmood mid ayaa qaba cudurkan.[6]
Inta badan ilmaha cudurkan ku dhacaayi lama ogaado illaa ay gaaraan 3 ama 4 sano
jir, markaaso ay cadaato khalalka ku jira hadalkiisa iyo dhexgalka mujtamaca.
Laakiin sanadka 1aad ama 2aad saddex arimood oo muhiim ah ayaa muujin kara in
ilmuhu uu cudurka qabo, waana ilmahoo u soo jeensanwaaya marka magaciisa loogu
yeero, asagoo qofka hortaagan si wanaagsan u qaabili waaya iyo hadalkoo ka soo
bixi waaya.
Guud ahaanse xanuunkani wajiyo badan ayuuu leeyahay, waxayna ku xirantahay
heerka dhaawaca maskaxda gaaray, wuxuuna ilmuhu u dhexayn karaa mid curyaamay oo
aan waxba kala garanyn iyo mid u muuqda inuu caadi yahay, laakiin fahankiisa iyo
feejignaantiisu ay hooseeyso (Attention Deficit Disorder), sidaa darted baa
cuduradan waxaa la isku yiraahdaa Cudurada la xiriira Ootiisamka (Autistic
Spectrum Disorder ama ASD).
Illaa iyo hadda lama tilmaamin sabab gaar ah oo cudurkan keenta, balse waxaa
la malaynaa inay jirto arin la xiriirta cimilada iyo bay’adda, taasoo sahasha in
ilmaha hiddo ahaan nuguli uu ay cudurka qaadaan.[7]
Goor hore sanadkii 1991-dii ayaa cilmi baare ka socda Machadka Qaranka ee
Badbaada Shaqada iyo Caafimaadka ee wadanka Maraykanaka (NIOSH , CDC) wuxuu
sheegay in maada Meerkuriga (Hg) ay ka mid tahay walxaha la xaqiijiyay inay
dhaawacaan uurkugirta, gaarahaan xagga maskaxda, ilmaha dhashaana wuxuu
yeelankaraa dabaceedo khaldan oo ay ka midyihiin qalalka, ootisamka,
iskitsofareeniya, feejignaan xumo iyo kuwo kale.[8]
XIRIIRKA KA DHEXEEYA OOTISAMKA IYO BAY’ADDA
(MEERKURIGA IYO FITAMIIN D-GA)
Kaalinta Meerkuriga (Hg)
Tan iyo markii ay bilaabantay isticmaalka faraha-badan ee talaalka
tobonaankii sano ee u danbeeyay waxaa barbar socday siyaadidda tirada cudurka
Ootisamka. Dhinaca kalana cudurkani wuxuu ku badanyahay wadamada dhulbaraha
aadka uga fog. Waa arimo su’aalo muhiim ah dhaliyay!!
Waxaa la ogyahay in inta badan talaalada ay ku jirto maadada loo yaqaan
Thaaymeerasool (Thimerosal) oo loo adeegsado inay daawada ka ilaaliso
bakteeriyada (preservative), taasoo markay jirka gasho isu badasha meerkuri (Hg)
sun ku ah difaaca jirka iyo dhimirka (maskaxda). Baaritaano badan oo lagu
sameeyay xayawaanka iyo dadkuba waxay muujiyeen in meerkuridu keeni karto
cudurada la xiriira Ootiisimka ama ASD.[9]
Meerkuriga waxay kaloo ku jirtaa daawooyinka loo isticmaalo indhaha, dhagaha,
cunaha iyo maqaarka, kuwa ellerjiga lagu baaro, kuwa ka hortaga dhalmada;
kareemada la isku caddeeyo (bleach) iyo kuwa la isku qurxiyo; boomaatada cadayga
iyo kuwa wax lagu nadiifiyo (antiseptics, disinfectants, fungicides, and
herbicides); maadada loo isticmaalo buuxinta ilkaha (amalgam) iyo kuwo kale oo
badan.
Marka ay meerkuridu gasho jirka hooyada (sida badan talaal ahaan ama daawo
ahaan), waxay si sahal ugu gudubtaa uurkujirta iyo maskaxdiisa koraysa, taasoo
ay dhibaatayn karto haddii difaaca jirku uusan si degdeg ah isaga sifaynin.
Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah inaan ogaano in koriinka maskaxdu uusan dhamaystirmin
illaa ilmuhu ka gaarayo 2 sano.
Marka ilmuhu dhasho waxaa la siiyaa talaalo badan oo ay ku jiraan maadada
Thaaymerasol, taasoo ku ururta jirkiisa, gaar ahaan maskaxda. Haddaan si gaar ah
u eegno wadanka Maraykanka, magaala Kalifoorniya, waxaa cudurka Ootiisam-ku
siyaaday 634% intii u dhexaysay 1987 iyo 2002, taasoo aan lagu fasiri karin
garashada cudurka oo wanaagsanaatay ama dadka u soo hijrooday oo kalaiya,
balse inay jirto siyaado ku timid waxa cudurka keena (Thimerasol ??).[10]
Sidoo kale xanuunada la xiriira Ootiisam-ka waxay wadanka Maraykanka ka gaareen
heer lixdii caruur ahi mid kamida uu hayo.[11]
Haddaan marka dib u eegno talaalada caruurta la siiyo ee ay ku jirto
Meerkuridu waxaa ka mid ah DTP (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis) (25µg Hg
dhooskiiba) taasoo ilmaha la siiyo mararka da’doodu tahay 2, 4, 6, iyo 18 bilood
jir; Hib (Haemophilus influenza type b) (25µg Hg dhooskiiba) waxaa la siiyaa
markay 2, 4, 6, iyo 18 bilood jir yihiin; talaalka Hepatitis B (12.5µg Hg
dhooskiiba) waxaana la siiyaa markay dhashaan, 2 iyo 6 bilood jirka. Sidoo kale
meerkuridu waxay raaci kartaa caanaha naaska hooyada haddii hooyada la siiyaya
daawo ka hortag ah, marka ay dhasho ilmo ka dhiig duwan ayada (Rh-negative
mothers), daawadaasoo ay ku jirto meerkuri (10.5 illaa 50µg Hg dhooskiiba) ama
ay hooyadu ilkaha loogu buuxiyey maadada Amalgam (oo meerkuri ku jirto).
Waayahanna talaalka hargab-ka (influenza) waxaa ku jira Thaaymerasool (ama
Meerkuri).
Sidaa daraadeed ilmaha waxaa jirkiisa ku ururi kara meerkuri cadadkeedu
gaarayo 237.5µg oo Hg ah 18-ka bilood ee u horeeya noloshiisa, taasoo aad uga
sareysa heerka ku sumowga meerkurida.
Cilmi-baarayal badan ayaa ogaaday in daawaca gaara neerfayaasha iyo
calaamadaha ka dhasha ku sumowga meerkurida iyo cudurka Ootisamku inay isku mid
yihiin. Taasoo loo eedsaday meerkuridu inay tahay waxa keenay cudurkan. Taasina
waxay keentay in wadanka Maraykanku codsado in laga saaro ama la yareeyo
meerkurida ku jirta talaalada la siiyo caruurta ka yar 6 sano (preservative free
vaccines).
Markaan isku soo uruurino, xogaha aan kor ku soo sheegnay waxay muujinayaan
in meerkurida sida isdabajooga ah u gaaraysa ilmaha intuu uurka ku jiro iyo
dhalashada ka bacdi inay sahlayso in ilmaha hido ahaan nuguli uu cudurka
ootiisam-ka qaado.
Kaalinta Fitamiin D-ga ka sifaynta jirka Macdanta culus sida Meerkurida
Ka sifaynta jirka macdanaha culus waxa inta badan u dhacdaa qaab la yiraahdo
oksidhaytiif-redhakshan (oxidative-reduction) oo ay sahasho maadada la yiraahdo
Glutathione. Habdhiskaas difaaca si wanaagsan uma shaqeeyo bukaanada qaba
cudurka ootiisamka, waxaana la ogaaday in fitamiin D-gu muhiim u yahay habsami u
socodka sifaynta macdanaha culus.
Dhinaca kalana waxaa la xaqiijiyay in dhammaan bukaanada ootiisamka uu ku
yaryahay fiitamiin D-gu, jirkoodana ay ku jirto meerkuri siyaado ah. Sidaa
darteed iswaafaqaddida labadaa arimood waxay muujinaysaa sababta ka danbeysa
cudurkan.
Qaar ka mid ah khubarada caafimaadka ayaa ku doodaya in fitamiin D-yarida
kaligeed ay ku filantahay inay keento cudurka Ootiisamaka, marka la eego
cadaymaha loo hayo sida uu muhiim ugu yahay koriinka maskaxda iyo sida ay isugu
egyihiin qaabka maskaxda bukaanka ootiisamka iyo xayawaano tijaabo lagu
sameeyay, tusaale ahaan haddii fitamiin D-yari darani hayso hooyada jiirka,
wuxuu jiirkaasi yeeshaa maskax wayn iyo godadkeeda (ventricles) oo balaarta,
taasoo ay isku muuqaal yihiin caruurta Ootiisamka.[12]
Xujooyinka loo hayo in Fitamiind D-yaridu iyo Meerkuridu keeni karaan
Ootiisamka
1) Xogo kooban oo la hayo ayaa waxay muujinaayaan in cudurka Ootiisamku uu
ku badanyahay dadka ku nool dhinca cirif-yada dhulka, wuuna ku yaryahay dhulalka
qoraxda leh ee dhulbaraha u dhow. Baaritaan ay dhawaan samaysay xarunta
xakamaynta cudurada ee Maraykanka (CDC) wuxuu muujiyay in 14 gobol oo baaritaan
lagu sameeyay gobolka cudurkani ugu badan yahay inuu yahay New Jersy, oo ah
gobolka labaad ee waqooyiga u xiga, gobolka ugu cudurka yarna uu yahay Alabama,
oo ah kan koonfurta u xiga goboladii baaritaanka lagu sameeyay.[13]
Juquraafi ahaana waxaan doodi ku jirin in dhulka dhaca loolalka sare (higher
latitudes) in fitamiin D-gu ku yaryahay, qoraxdoo ka dadban awgeed, taasoo
macnaheedu yahay in hooyooyinka fitamiin D-gu ku yaryahay ay khatar ugu jiraan
inay dhalaan ilmo uu hayo Cudurka Ootiisamka ee Ilmaha (Infantile Autistic
Disorder, IAD), kaasoo ka dhalan kara korid la’aan ku timid maskaxdooda ama hoos
u dhac ku yimid difaaca hooyada intay uurka lahayd.[14]
2) Waxaan soo sheegnay xiriirka ka dhexayn kara talaalada iyo Ootiisamka,
inkastoo talaalada laga isticmaalo wadamada kulaylaha, cudurkani aad buu uga
yaryahay kan wadamada qaboobaha, taana waxaa lagu fasiri karaan in qoraxdu ama
fitamiin D-gu uu kaalin ku leeyahay (difaaca ah).
3) Inkastoo warbixino is diidani ka soo baxeen baaritaanadii lagu sameeyay
xiriirka ka dhexeeya xiliga ilmuhu dhashaan iyo cudurka Ootiisamka, haddana
dhowr baaritaan oo muhiim ah ayaa muujinaya in ilmaha dhasha xilliga qaboobaha
(winter) uu cudurku ku badan yahay, gaar ahaan dhamaadkiisa, bisha Maarso
(March) oo ah marka heerka fitamiin D-gu ugu hooseeya.[15]
4) Cudurka Ootiisamku wuxuu ku badanyahay dadka madow eek u nool Yurub iyo
Waqooyiga Ameerika, kuwaasoo dabcan ay hasyo fitamiin D-yari badan, inkastoo uu
cudurkani uu dhif iyo naadir ku yahay wadamada ay asal-ahaan ka soo jeedan.
Tusaale ahaan heerka cudurkan ee magaalada Goteborg, ee Sweden, ilmaha ay
dhaleen dumarka ka soo jeeda wadanka Ugaandha waxay 200 jeer ka badan yihiin
dadwaynaha kale.[16],[17]
Inkastoo abbaaraha 90% dadka madow eek u nool dhulka qaboobaha ay fitamiin
D-yari hayso, haddana baariitaan si gaar ah loogu sameeyay durmarka uurka leh ee
USA waxay muujinaysaa 45% dumarka madow ay hayso fitamiin D-yari khatar ah,
meesha dumarka cadi ay yihiin oo kaliya 2%. Qaadashada fiitamiin D gaaraya 400IU
ama 10µg waxweyn uma tarin, maadaama 90% dumarkaa baaritaanku lagu sameeyay ay
qaadanayeen dhooskaas.[18]
5) Cilmi baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in heerka fitamiin D-ga ee hooyooyinka
iyo bukaanada xanuunkani uu ka hooseeya dadka dhiggooda ah. Dhowr baaritaan
waxay caddeeyeen in hooyooyinka madow ay ku badantahay inay dhalaan ilmo
miisaankoodu hooseeyo iyo in ilmahoodu hore u dhintaan.[19]
Hoosaynta miisaanka ilmaha iyo inuu dhasho waqtigii oo aan u buuxsamin waxay ka
midyihiin waxyaalaha sahla (risk factors) cudurka Oostiisam-ka,[20]
arimahaasina waxay ka dhalan karaan sida la ogyahay faatimiin D-yarida.[21]
Maxaa yeelay waxaa la ogaaday in fitamiin D-gu yareeyo khatarta
hore-u-dhalashada iyo miisaan-hoosaynta ilmaha dhashay.[22]
Tusaale ahaan haddii la siiyo hooya uurka leh 1,200 yunit (IU)(30µg) maalintii
oo fitamiin D ah saddexda bilood ee u danbaysa, waxay siyaadisaa miisaanka
ilmaha, sidoo kale marka la siiyo 600,000 yunit (15mg) labada bilood ee 7aad iyo
8aad ee uurka waxay sii siyaadisaa miisaanka ilmaha.[23]
6) Hayadda Xakamaynta Cudurada ee USA iyo kuwo kele waxaa sheegeen in
caruurta madow ay ka tiro badan yihiin kuwa cad marka la eego xanuunka
maskax-yarida aan aadka u darnayn, taasoo fasiraad looga waayay inay sababtu
tahay arimo dhaqan-dhaqaale (socio-economic factors).[24]
7) Haddii la yiraahdo fitamiin D-yarida ayaa cudurkan keenta, waxaa la is
oran karaa haddaba marka qorax la helo oo heerka fitamiinku kor u kaco waa in
xanuunka laga roonaadaa. Baaritaan arintaa lagu sameeyay wuxuu muujiyay ka
roonaansho calaamadihii cudurka Ootiisamka marka bukaanada la geeyo meel qorax
leh. Sidoo kale waxaa wanaagsanaada qaab-dhaqanka bukaanadan marka nashaad loogu
sameeyo banaanada ka baxsan guryaha xilliyada qorax fiicani jirto (summer),
taasoo kor u qaada heerka fitamiin D-ga ee maskaxdooda.[25]
8) Caruurta aan jirkoodu fitamiin D-ga isticmaali Karin, hiddo-ahaan,
waxaa lagu yaqaanaa murqo-jilicsanaan, firfircooni-yaraan, dib u dhac ku yimaada
inuu awood buuxda helo, xasilooni-darro, korid-la’aan iyo calaamadaha kele oo ay
Ootiisam-ka wadaagaan. Sidoo kale waxay calaamahaas wadaagaan cudurka loo yaqaa
Riketis (Rickets) oo ka dhasha fitamiin D-yarida.
FITAMIIN D-GA IYO CUDURADA RAGAADIGA AH[26]
Waxaa jira baaritaano badan oo ku talinaya in fitamiin D-yarida ay la
xiriiraan cuduro badan oo ragaadi (chronic) ah, kuwaasoo ay ka midyihiin
lafo-xombobosho (osteoporosis), macaanka/sonkorta, kansarka, dhiigkarka,
wadno-qabadka, shalalka, ruumotiisamada, iyo kuwo kale. Cuduradaas oo mararka
qaarkood loogu yeero cudurada magaalada ama cudurada wadamada hore-u-maray
maadaama ay meelahaas ku badan yihiin. Inkastoo qaab-noleleedku ka qayb qaadan
karo, haddana sabab si khaas ah u keenta weli lama qeexin.
Haddaba si aan loo fahmo xiriirka ka dhexeeya fitamiin D-yarida iyo
cuduradan, ayaa cilmi-baarayaal waxay daraaseeyeen heerka jiritaan (incidence
rate) cudurada kansarka iyo dhiigkarka adduunka oo dhan, waxay ogaadeen in
heerka jiritaanka cuduradu uu kordho markasta oo laga sii fogaado dhulbaraha, oo
macnaheedu yahay cadceeda iyo fitamiin D-ga oo yaraada, taasoo tusaale u ah
dhammaan cuduradaan soo sheegnay. Dhinaca kale waxaa la arkay inuu sareeyo
heerka u dhimashada kansarka ee dadka madow ee Maraykanka iyo kuwa cayilani
taasoo lagu fasiri karo heerka fitamiin D-ga.[27]
Sidoo kale tirada ugu badan ee cudurka macaanka-caruurta (type 1 diabetes
mellitus) waxay ka jirtaa wadanka Filand, dhawaana waxaa la ogaaday inuu
toban-laab ku badan caruurta asalkoodu yahay Afrikaanka, taana waxaa la mid ah
wadanka Marayka, sababtana fasiraad aan fitamiin D-ga ahayn looma hayo.
Daliiladaas iyo kuwo kaloo farabadan ayaan waxay gundhig u yihiin daahfurka
muhimadda uu leeyahay fitamiin D-gu.
Aad bay noogu daba-dheeraanaysaa haddaan cuduradan ragaadiga ah ee laxiriira
fitamiin D-ga mid mid u falanqayno, qofkii sii xiisaynaya inuu wax ka sii ogaado
wuxuu macluumaad badan ka heli karaa internet-ka. Laakiin waxaa ila haboonaatay
inaan halkaan ku xuso baaritaano dhawaan la sameeyay oo muujinaya in dumarka ay
hayso fitamiin D-yari ay 253% ay khatar ugu jiraan in kansarka mindhicirada ku
dhaca (colonic cancer), dumarka qaata 1,500mg oo Kaalshiyam ah iyo 1,100 IU oo
fitamiin D ah maalintii muddo 4 sano ah fursadda inay ka badbaadaan kansarkan
waxay ka badan tahay 60%.[28]
Sidoo kale dumarka fitamiin D-gu ku yaryahay waxay khatar ugu jiraan kansarka
naasaha 75%.[29]
Waxaa kaloo la ogaaday in xiriir muhiim ahi ka dhexeeyo fitamiin D-yarida iyo
wahsiga, damanaanta (low mood) iyo hargabka; maxaa yeelay arimahaan waxaa aad u
soo muuqdaan xiliyada qaboobaha ah markaasoo qoraxda iyo waxtarkeeduba yaraado,
iyadoo arimahan laga roonaado marka la isticmaalo fitamiin D-ga.
Baaritaano lagu sameeyay wadanka Maraykanka oo la isugu barbardhigay xiriirka
ka dhexeeya fitamiin D-ga iyo cudurada qaarkood ee dadwaynahooda, waxay
muujiyeen in dadka fitamiinkoodu aadka uu hooseeyo (<15ng/ml) inay khatar ugu
jiraan dhiig-kar 30%, subaga dhiiga (sida kolesterool) oo kor u kaca 47%,
macaanka (diabetes) 98% iyo cayil 129%.[30]
Haddaan si gaar ah u eegno dumarka uurka leh, waxay khatar ugu jirtaa lafaha
miskaha oo qaloocsama, ilmaha uurka ku jira oo lafihiisu si wacan u kori
waayaan, dhaqaaqiisa oo yaraada iyo dhiig-kar ku dhaca hooyada, arimahaas oo
keeni kara in hooyada la qalo xilliga dhalmada. Waxaa kaloo ilmaha uurka ku jira
ku imaan kara koriin-xumo guud.[31]
Guud ahaan dhibka ka dhashay wuxuu si aada u saameeya bulshada madow iyo
muslimiinta. Tusaale ahaan wadanka Denmark 88% dumarka muslimiinta carabta waxay
ka sheegtaan daal iyo jir xanuun ka dhasha fitamiin D-yari. Waliba cuduradii
badnaa ee aan soo sheegnay iyo cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku badan tahay
bulshooyinkaas.
FITAMIIN D-GA IYO CUDURADA MASKAXDA (DHIMIRKA)
Waxaa la soo jeediyay in fitamiin D-gu kaalin ku leeyahay cudurada dhimirka,
taasoo lagu saleeyay arimahan soo socda:[32]
1) Xaqiiqooyinka la xiriira hab-dhaca cudurkan (epidemiological evidence)
waxay muujinayaan in xiriir ka dhexeeyo qorax la’aanta iyo cudurada dhimirka.
Waxaa xaqiiqo ah in cudurada dhimirku ku badan yahay wadamada qabow, tusaale
ahaan wandanka Igiriiska lixdii qof mid baa qaba.
2) Dadka qaba cudurada dhimirka waxay u badan yihiin inay hayso fitamiin D
yari [ low 25(OH)D].
3) Inta badan cudurada dhimirka waxaa weheliya cuduro kale oo la xiriiraan
fitamiin D yari.
4) Tijaabooyin lagu sameeyay xayawaan iyo sheybaaro waxay sharaxeen qaabka
fitamiin D yaridu uga qayb-qaadan karto cudurada dhimirka.
5) Cilmi baarisyo ayaa muujiyay in fitamiin D-gu wax u taro marka la siiyo
dadka qaba cudurada dhimirka.
Sidaa darteed qofkasta oo qaba cudurada dhimirka ee jooga dhulka qaboobaha
waa in la ogaadaa heerka fitamiin D-giisa, korna loo soo qaado haddii uu
hooseeyo, gaar ahaan dadka madow iyo kuwa aan qoraxda u soo bixin. Cudurada
dhimirka ee sida gaarka loo baaray waxaa ka mid ah dammanaanta (low mood),
quusta (depression), iskiisofareniya iyo waalida (mania, bipolar disorder and
seasonal effective disorder).
Arinta kaloo xiisaha leh waxay tahay inay jiraan xiriir ka dhexeeya heerka
fitamiin D-ga iyo garaadka qofka, taasoo la oran karo in fitamiin yaridu keeni
karto garaad-yari, maxaa yeelay waxaa la arkay qaadashada fitamiin D-gu ay
garaadka kobciso.[33],[34]
SOOMAALIDA, OOTIISAM-KA IYO FITAMIIN D-YARIDA
Waxaa la ogaaday in caruurta Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool magaalada Manisooto,
Maraykanka, ee qabta cudurka ootiisam-ka ay ka badan yihiin kuwa kale. Baaritaan
ay samaysay waaxda caafimaadka ee Maanisooto 2009-kii, oo dib loogu eegay
diiwanada iskuulada muddo saddex sano ah (2005 ilaa 2008), gaar ahaan caruurta
da’doou u dhexayso 3 illaa 4 sano jir, waxaa lagu ogaaday in tirada caruurta
Soomeeliyeed ee heshay kaalmada la siiyo dadka qaba cudurka ootiisamka ay 7 jeer
ka badan yihiin caruurta aan Soomlida ahayn.[35]
Sidoo kale wadanka Iswiidhan (Sweden), baaritaan lagu sameeya 17 ilmood oo
qaba cudurka ootiisam-ka, waxaa lagu ogaaday in ilaa 4 laab ay Soomaalidu ka
badan yihiin dadka kale.[36]
Taas macnaheedu waxay noqon kartaa inay ka badan yihiin xataa dadyowga kale ee
madow.
Haddaan dhinaca kale ka eegno, Soamaaliya oo hesha cadceed sanadkoo dhan, way
adagtahay inaad ka dhex hesho dadkeeda ilmo qaba cudurka ootiisamka, xaqiiqdiina
ma jiro magac ay Soomaalidu u taqaan cudurkan. Laakiin markay u hijroodeen
dhulalkaa qabow waxay noqdeen bulshada ugu horeeysa saamaynta cudurkan. Tanina
waxay ka yaabisay saynisyahano badan, maxaa yeelay, waxay ka hortimid arigtidii
hore loo qabay oo ahayd in cudurkani intiisa badan la xiriiro hiddaha (genetic),
maadaama hiddahaasi muuqan waayay markii Soomaaliya la joogay. Runtiina waxaan
ku doodi karaa inay tani ahayd arinta daahfurtay in xaqiiqda cudurkan la fahmo
ama si dhab ah loo eego.
Anagoo og kaalinta fitamiin D-ga iyo meerkuridu ku leeyihiin cudurka
ootiisamka, in Soomaalidu u sii nuglaato cudurka waxaa sii sahlay, marka
koowaad, intabadan dumarka soomaaliyeed oo xirta xijaabka iyo ayagoo guryaha ku
ekaada, taasoo ah waajibaad diineed, iyo marka labaad, ka warqabid la’aanta
faa’iidooyinka fitamiin D-ga, gaar ahaan marka la joogo dhulka qoraxdu ku
yartay.
GUNAANAD
Doodeenaas ka dib, waxaa iska cad in fitamiin D-gu muhiim u yahay koriinka
iyo shaqada jirka dadka (iyo noolaha kalaba), iyo ka hortagga cuduro badan,
waana maado aan dhib-badnayn, laakiin nasiib daro, waxaa qaadasheedii caqabad ku
noqoday baqdin aan muhiim ahayn oo laga qabo dhibkeeda (side effects), qoraxdii
oo laga fogaaday iyo ku baraarug la’aanta faa’iidooyinkeeda.
Baaritaanadii u danbeeyay waxay banaanka soo dhigeen muuqaalka saxda ah ee
hoormoon-kaan, waxayna tibaaxeen sababaha ka danbeeyn kara cuduro badan oo lala
xiriiriyay bay’adda. Haddaba waa inaan ku baraarugnaa muhimadda ay leedahay
arintan, oo aan waqtigu naga dhicin, kana hortagnaa cawaaqibxumada ka dhalan
karta fitamiin D-yarida.
Maadaama cudurka ootiisamku ku badan yahay dadka soo-galootiga ah
(immigrants), dhinaca kalana wax ka qabadkiisu u baahanyahay dhaqaale badan,
wadamadaasi ma ayan siin tixgalintii loo baahnaa, waxaana la is oran karaa waxay
u dhaqmayaan qaab cadowtinimo, tusaale ahaan sida ay uga warwareegayaan inay soo
saaraan xaasilka baaritaanada qaab-bulshadeed (demograpgic studies), tusaale
ahaan wadanka Kanada oo Soomaali badani ku dhibantahay, laakiin aan
sheegsheegin.
Qeexiddii hore, oo ahayd in fitamiin D-yaridu ay tahay heerka 25(OH)D3 ee
dhiiga kaasoo ka hooseeya <15ng/ml (ama <37nmol/L), aad baan loo dhaleeceeyay,
maadaama heerkaasi wax ka tari karo oo kaliya dhibkii gaari lahaa lafaha
(rickets & osteomalacia), laakiin ka hortaga cudurada kale waxay u baahantahay
heer ka sareeyaa intaas, kaa soo dhan >40ng/ml (ama >80nmol/L), inkastoo
khuburada qaarkood ay leeyihiin heerka ugu haboon waa abaaraha 60ng/ml (ama
120nmol/L). Haddaba in qofku joogteeyo heerka 40ng/ml, wuxuu u baahanyahay inuu
qaato 75 IU/Kg oo miisaankiisa ah maalintiiba, taasoo celcelis noqonaysa 5,000
IU maalintiiba dadka waawayn. Laakiin haddii qofka ay haysay fitamiin yari
daran, wuxuu u baahanyahay dhoos intaa ka badan si uu u soo kabto. Dhinaca kale,
baaritaano badan waxaa ku cad haddii qofku qaato illaa 30,000 IU maalintii
inaysan keenin wax dhib ah; waxyeeladuna (toxicity) waxay timaadaa marka heerka
fitamiin D-ga ee dhiigu gaaro 500 nmol/L.[37]
Cawaaqib xumada ugu daran ee fitamiin D yaridu waxay haleeshaa caruurta gaar
ahaan markay uurka ku jiraan, taaso dhaxalsiin karta dhaawac daa’in ah oo
kagaara maskaxda, hooyaduna ayaa mas’uul ka ah haddii aritaas looga hortagi kari
lahaa inay qaadato fitamiin D (sida aan rumaysnahay). Ilmaha naaska nuugaya
qaabka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu siiyo fitimiinkan waa hooyada oo qaadata 5,000 IU
malintiiba ama ayagoo toos loo siiyo dhoos ku habboon. Hollis iyo Wagner waxay
daahfureen in caanaha hooyadu ay noqonayaan il qani ku ah fitamiin D-ga (kuna
filana ilmaheeda) haddii hooyadu qaadato 4,000 IU (100µg) maalintii.[38]
Sidaa daraadeed hooyooyinku waa inay qaataan dhoos sare oo fitamiin D ah xilliga
uurka iyo nuujinta, si ay ugu faa’iideeyaan naftooda iyo ilmahooda.
Khubaro ku xeel-dheer hab-dhaca cudurada (epidemiologists) waxay sheegeen in
hidduhu uu u gogolxaari karo balse uusan ahayn waxa keena ootiisamka, fiitamiin
D yariduna ay qayb wayn ka ciyaarto. Hadii arintaasi run tahay (illaa xadna waa
run e), cudurkan wuxuu noqonayaa mid ka dhashay dayacaad ka timid talo-xumo
oranaysa qoraxda ha laga fogaado ayadoon la keenin wax badiil ah (aan lagu
boorin in la qaato dhoos badali kara qoraxda).[39]
TALOOYIN:
1) Qofkasta, ayadoon loo eegin da’da, oo ku nool dhulka qaboobaha ah waa
inuu qaato fitamiin D gaaraya 75 IU/Kg maalintii ama 200,000 IU labadii biloodba
mar.
2) Qofkasta waa inuu isku dayaa inuu qoraxda isu dhigo, kana fogaado
isticmaalka kareemada qoraxda celiya.
3) Dumarka xijaaban ee ku nool dhulka qoraxda leh waa inay qaataan
fitamiin D.
4) Waxaad gadan kartaa fitamiin d-ga adigoon warqad dhakhtareed wadan,
inta badana lagama helo dhooska saxa farmashiyayaasha, balse waxaad ka heli
kartaa dukaamada gada daawooyinka dabiiciga ah (natural medicine shops), waxaana
ku talin lahaa inaan gadataan VITAMIN D3 4000 IU DROPS, kaasoo qofka wayni
qaadanayo 2-3 dhibcood maalintii, oo u dhiganta 4000-6000 IU, caruurtana 1-2
dhibcood maalintii, oo u dhiganta 2000-4000 IU.
5) Hay’adaha ay leeyihiin dadka Soomaaliyeed waa inay ka qaybqaataan
baaritaanka lagu hayo arimahan.
6) Haddii aad u baahantahay warbixin dheeraad ah waxaad ka heli kartaan
internet-ka, gaar ahaa casharo muuqaal ah (video) ayaa ku jira YouTube-ka,
adigoo ku baaraya “vitamin D”, waxaa jira website-yo u gaar ah fitamiin D-ga
sida
www.vitamindcouncil.org .
7) Wixii mulaaxado ah waxaad iigu soo diri kartaa
drahmedbashi@hotmail.co.uk .
CUDURDAAR
Waxaan ka cudurdaaranayaa haddii aan khalad ka galay af-soomaaliga, maadaama
in badan aan isku dayay in ereybixin samaysto, markaan waayay meel aan ugu
laabto.
W/Q: Dr. Axmed Cumar Abdi (Axmedbaashi).
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Faafin: SomaliTalk.com | April 6, 2011 | Updated: April 11, 2011
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