Qaybtii 3-aad: Waxbarashada Sare(Jaamacadaha)

Hindiya India Jaamacadeheeda ayaa waxay ka badan yihiin ilaa 229 Jaamacadood kuwaas oo 15 ka mid ah ay yihiin Central Universities, 39 Deemed Universities, 34 Agricultural Universities, 18 Engineering Universities, 14 Medical Universities.

Qaybahan ayaa loo kala qaadaa jaamacadaha India.  
 

A-Central Universities

B-State Universities

C-Deemed Universities

D-Private Universities iyo

E-Institutions of National Importance 
 

A- Central Universities: waxaa jira ku dhowaaad 15 jaamacadood oo central al waxayna dhamaantood si toos ah u hoos yimaadaan madaxwaynaha India, waxay taageerada dhaqaale ka helaan hayada dowlada u qaabilsan aqoonsiga jaamacada iyo taageeridooda oo lagu magacaabo University Grant Commission (UGC). Delhi University, Allahabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru University iyo Aligarh Muslim University ayaa ka mida noocaan. 

B- State Universities: Jaamacado badan oo ku kala baahsan 27 state ee wadanka ayaa hoos imanaya qaybtan, dawlad goboleedyada wadanka (State governments) ayaa u xilsaaran horumarinta iyo taageeridda jaamacadahan, sidoo kale waxay jaamacadahani taageero ka helaan UGC-da.  Inkasta oo xaga caannimada aysan jaamacadahani ka yarayn hadana kuwa ugu qadiimsan waxaa kamida: University of Calcutta,University of Madras iyo Mumbai University.  

• Dhaqanka Hindida: Waxaa aad u yar inaad aragto Dumarka hindida ah oo dadka dhexdiisa ragga gacan qaadaysa(Men usually do not shake hands with or touch women in public).

C- Deemed Universities: Macaahidyo waawayn oo wadanka ku yaala ayaa la siiyay aqoonsi iyo astaan la mida tan jaamacada, walow aysan macaahidani ahayn jaamacad hadana waxay ka qaalisanyihiin kana sumcad weyn yihiin jaamacadaha wadanka ku yaala qaarkood, Macaahidan oo lagu magacaabay Deemed Universities, waxay u madax banaanyihiin inay dajistaan manhajkooda iyo waliba course-yada ama kuliyadaha ay bixinayaan, waxaa jira 100 jaamacadood ama macaahid oo nidaamkan hoos imanaya.

Deemed Universities-ka iyagana waxaa aqoonsiga siiya UGC-da iyo Department of Education oo hoos yimaada Ministry of Human Research Development. 

D- Private Universities: Jaamacadaha Private-ka ah waa jaamacado aan hayadaha dowlada ee maamula jaamacadaha hoos iman, si jaamacada loogu aqoonsado private waa inay dabcan heshaa ogolaanshaha dowlada fulisaana arrimaha looga baahanyahay ee sharciga waxbarashada, waxaa jaamacadan aqoonsi siiya UGC-da. 

E- Institutions of National Importance: Macadyadan ayaa ah kuwo muhiim ah oo la sameeyay ka dib markii baarlamaanka India uu ansixiyay aas-aaskooda, waxaana ay hoos yimaadaan dawlada federaalka, Macadyadan ayaa ah kuwa ugu sarreeya dalkan, waxaana   ka mid ah kuwooda ugu waawayn:- 

1. Indian Institutes of Management (IIM)
2. Indian Institutes of Technology(IIT)
3. Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
4. National Law School of India University(NLSIU or NLS)

i- Indian Institutes of Management (IIM)

Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) waa macadka ugu muhiimsan wadankan ee bixiya maadooyinka la xiriira maamulka iyo ganacsiga waxaana macadkan uu ku yaalaa magaalooyinka kala ah Ahmedabad, Banagalore, Indore, Kolkata, Kozhikode iyo Lucknow. Macadkan ayaa wuxuu bixiyaa Post-garaduate Diploma oo la mid ah MBA taas oo leh takhasusyo kala duwan, mudada course-ka uu soconayana waa 2 sano.

Macadkan ayaa waxaa lagu heli karaa in uu qofku ku guulaysto imtixaan la yiraahdo Common Admission Test (CAT), Imtixaankan ayaa ka mid ah imtixaanada ugu culus ee aduunka, waxaana qora  arday gaaraysa ilaa 150,000 arday kuwaas oo 1200 seat u tartama, taas oo ah tiro aan ka badnayn 1% marka loo eego ardayda qoraysa iyo inta looga baahan yahay waxaana aad u yar inta ku guulaysata .

Waxaa kale oo hadana aad qaali u ah qiimaha lagu dhigto macadkan oo ilaa gaarysa 10,000$(Toban kun doolar) Sannadkii, waa marka loo eego ardayda ajaanibta ah qiimaha ay ku dhiganayaan,  Macadkan ayaa qofkii ka qalin jabiya la oran karaa 100% shaqadiisa waxaa meeleeya isla macadka, waxaana macadkan dadka ka qalin jabiyay ka mid ah maamulaha ama CEO(Chief Executive Officer) shirkada caalamiga ah ee PepsiCo oo la yiraahdo Indra Nooyi.

ii- Indian Institutes of Technology(IIT)

Waa macad ka mid ah ilaa 7 macad oo bixiya Engineering iyo Technology kuwaas oo ay samaysay sida aan hore u soo sheegnay dawlada India kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Institutes of National Importance kuwaas oo laga aqoonsan yahay dunida oo dhan shahaadooyinkooda Degree-ga ama Masterka ah.

Macadkan IITs ayaa wuxuu leeyahay isagana imtixaan lagu aqbalo ardayga oo la yiraahdo Joint Entrance Examination (ama  IIT-JEE). Dadka macadkan ka soo baxa ayaa loo yaqaanaa IITians kuwaas oo ah kuwo aduunkoo dhan laga aqoonsan yahay waxaana macadkan uu bixiyaa shahaadada ah  Bachelor of Technology (BTech) kaas oo ah mid ka yara duwan Bachelor of Engineering (BE).

iii- Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

Macadkan oo ku yaala Bangalore wuxuu bixiyaa Post-graduate iyo Doctoral research waana macadka ugu sarreeya marka laga hadlayo Cilmi baarista, waxa uu macadkan kow ka yahay jaamacadaha ka jira India iyo Jaamacadaha koonfurta Asia.

Waxaa uu cilmi baaris ku sameeyo macadkan waxa ka mid ah Aerospace Engineering, Molecular Biophysics iyo Managamement.

iv- National Law School of India University(NLSIU or NLS)

Macadkan ayaa isagana ah kan ugu sareeya ee bixiya shahaadaayinka under-graduate iyo graduate la xiriira cilmiga barashada Sharciga, waxa uu isagana ku yaalaa meel aan sidaa ugu dheerayn Bangalore.

NLSIU wuxuu bixiayaa 5 sano oo ah B.A(Hons) iyo LL.B(Bachelor of Laws) sannad kasta, ardayda ayaa laga soo xushaa imtixaan sare oolaga qaado lana yiraahdo AIEE(All India Entrance Exam), in ka yar 2%  ayaa ku guulaysata imtixaankan waxaana la qabtaa Axada ugu horraysa ee bisha May sannad kasta, Ardayda ajaanibta ah ayaa aad loogu soo dhoweeyaa imtixaankan iyadoo 5 kursi loogu tala galay, gaar ahaan waxaa loogu tala galay 5taas kursi ardayda ka yimaada wadammada SAARC( South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) wadamadaas oo kala ah Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan iyo Sri Lanka, wadanka Afghanistan ayaa mar dhowayd ku soo biiray in kastoo aan weli loo dhammaystirin xubinnimadiisa. 

Inkasta oo jaamacadaha ku yaala India sidaas aan aragnay u badanyihiin, hadana ma fududa in dhamaantood admission laga wada helo, shuruudaha aqbalaada jaamacadaha qaarkood aad ayuu u adagyahay ardayda soomaalida ah ee halkan wax ka bartana shuruudahaas ma wada oofin karaan, waxaa kale oo jira in jaamacado badan ay bixinta Admissionka (Warqada Aqbalaada)  ku saleeyeen qaybaha kala gadisan ee bulshada India (Reservation), taas oo aanan ardayda ajaanibta ah fursad fiican siinayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wali jaamacadaha la heli karo aad ayay u badan yihiin. 

Sidoo kale waxaa jira jaamacado ay dadku iska samaysteen oo aan aqoonsina weli helin kuwaas oo ay UGC-du u taqaano Fake Universities, jaamacadahan ayaa waxa ay ku qoran yihiin warbixinada ay soo saarto UGC-da mar kasta iyadoo ku sheegaysa inaysan jaamacadahani ahayn kuwo la aqoonsan yahay kuwaas oo gaaraya ilaa 20 jaamacadood, waxana haboon inuu qofku iska eego jaamacada inta uusan bilaabin in jaamacadu ay tahay mid ay dawladu aqoonsan tahay isagoo taa ku heli kara isagoo booqda boga internetka ee UGC-du ay ku leedahay ama xafiis kasta ee ay ku leeadahay UGC-da kuna yaala magaaladaas. 

La soco qaybta 4-aad.. Maadooyinka laga qaato Jaamacadaha(Computers, Commerce and Law)