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Wax ka baro Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah
(International Trade)

Mohamed Abdirizak Dayib
IT(Information Technology) A+ Engineer,
BBA(Bachelor of Business Administration) in Finance
MBA-Finance soon.
dayib2@hotmail.com
ISB-Pak

Waxaa sharaf ii ah in aan soo ban dhigo qoraal aan kaga hadlayo ganacsiga caalamiga ah ,sidaa darted waxaa mudan shabagadaha faafinaya qormadaan oo u baahinaya dhamaan uma somaliyeed oo jecel in ay ka faideystan, waxaan kaloo mudan dhamaan akhris tayaasha iga codsadey in aan soo bandhigo qormadaan iyagoo igu dhiiri geliyey in aan wax ka qoro Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah.

sidoo kaleeto waxaan xasusinayaa akhristayashii ku xirnaa qoraaladeydii horeeto meelkasta ha joogeene, in ay ka raali ahadaan dib udhicii ku yimid xiriirki qormooyinkeyga, waxaana balan igu ah in aan meshii kasii wadi doono qormoyinkaan oo runtii noqon doona kuwo ka qeyb qaata hormarinta iyo geedi socodka aqooneed ee Ganacsiga walaalaheyga somaliyeed.

Hordhac

Waxa bulsho waliba ka simantahey waxyaabo badan oo markaas ah xasaasi, waxyabahaas ay bulsho walba u ah muhiim waxaa ka mid ah Ganacsiga oo ay ku tiirsan yihiin dhamaan bulshada caalamku. Hadaba ganacsiga ayaa ah ganacsi local ah iyo ganacsi caalami ah.

Si aynu wax badan uga ogaano ayaan qormadeena kusoo qadanaynaa Ganacsiga caalamiga ah inagoo ku saleynana waaqica, waxadna ogataa in ganacsigu yahey arin maalmed (practical)aad dareemi karto sida wax u kala socdaan ,halkasoo bulshada caalamku noqotey Business minded.

Qormadeena oo leh Tusaaloyin aynu ku fahmi karno Macnaha aynu markaas shegayno, waxaad-na ogataa In qormadaani aan fududeeyey oo aan adeegsadey qaabka ugu fudud oo akhristaheyga sharafta leh uu ku fahmi karo farintayda,taasoo ay muhimadu tahey , hadalka ayaan badiyee waa tan qormadeeni oo ay ugu horeyso:::::

Waa maxey Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah?

Ganacsiga caalamiga ahi waa gedis badecadeed iyo adeeg oo ka dhex dhaca wax ka badan laba wadan.( more than two Nation).kasoo ku yimid baahi uu wadan ganacsi la leeyahey wadan kaleeto. Hadaba suashu waxey tahey maxaa bahidaas ganacsi keenay?

Waxeynu ognahey in wax walba baahi ay ku yimadaan sidaas darteedna jawaabtu waxey tahey, wax wadan uusan heysan ama soo saarin ayaa wadan kaleeto heystaa
Ama soo saara. Tusaale ahaan Baahida ganacsiga ee ka dhexeenkara Wadanka Somalia iyo Suadi Arabia.

Waxeynu ognahey in Somalia ay ubahantahey Shidaal(oil) sidaas darteedna sa;uudigu soo saaro shidaal uu markaas aduunka uu u iibgeyo sida Somalia oo kaleeto. Isla markaasna waxeynu ognahey in Somalia ay ku fiicantahey Xoolaha nool(Livestock) iyadoo u iibgeysa wadamada sida Saudiga.

Hadaba waxaa halkaas kasoo baxey gedis ganacsi oo udhexeya Somalia iyo Saudi Arabia ,kasoo ah in ay Somalia shidaalka kasoo gadato saudiga isla markaasna saudigu xoolaha nool uu ka qaato Somalia.

Faaidada Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah

waxey maskaxdeenu is waydineysaa wa maxey faaidada ku jirta in ganacsi caalami ah meesha yimaado madaama ay jiraan wadan leh wax soo saar isla markaasna suuqisa(domistic marktet) laga helaayo badeecadisa oo kaleeto oo wadan kaleeto leeyahey. Sida Somalia oo hada ka furanyihin warshado yar yar oo soo saara waxyaabo looga keeno wadamo kaleeto sida Baastada,Shaanboyinka ,Firaashyada,cabitanka qeybtiis iyo waxlamid ah.

Jawaabtu-- waxaa jira faaidooyin u leeyahey ganacsiga caalamiga ahi faidooyinkaasi oo yool u ah in la qanciyo macaamisha, taas macnaheedu waxa weeye in macamiishu ka faideystaan waxyaabo badan oo qaali uu wadankoodu kusoo saaro ,halka wadankaleeto iyagoo markaas waxyaalo kaleeto badan uga sii faideysanaya sida tayada,tira iyo features ka uu kaga fiican yahey kan suuqoda local-ka ah yaal(domistic market).

Arintaas waxaa ka hadlay xeel dheerayaal iyo khuburo ku takhasustay ,khuburadaas waxaa ka mid ah aqoon yahano badan oo uu ka mid yahey Mufakarkii Dhaqalaha(father of Economics) waa Adan smith’ee.

Adan-smith wuxuu figrad maskaxeedkisa ku qeexay in ganacsigu samen ku leyahey Qiimaha ay badeecadu ku farisaneyso(cost effectiveness), wuxuu yiri”Hadi aan badeecad uga helayno raqiis wadankaleeto waa in aynu badeecadas kusoo saarin wadankeena Qiimo qaali ah”. Hadaba akhrista qiimaha leh oow. Waxeynu ka fahmi karnaa figrad maskaxeed-kan Xeeldheeraha in aynu ku saleyno waaqica.

Tusaale, Wadanka mareykanka ayaa ah Economic power, waxaa jira in caalamku xag technology uu ugu sareyso U.S.A tasoo aynu ognahey in wadanka Mareykanku wax walba soo saaro hada waxyaabo badana looga fiicanyahey.

Hadaba wadanka Holland baa ah wadanka aduunka ugu fiican soo saarista Canbaha iyo caanaha tasoo adunka oo dhami ka qaato, hadaba hadii uu yiraahdo wadanka mareykanku waxaan soo sarayaa Caanaha oo aan suuq geynaya waxa dhici karta in uu qiimo badan kusoo saaro isagoo markas ku heli karta qiimo raqiis ah in uu kaga soo qaato wadanka Holland.

Sidaa darted waa in wadanka mareykanku soo saarin Caanaha oo uu ka qaata wadanka Holland ,isla markaasna soo saara waxa uu ku fiican yahey oo raqiis noqonaya marka loo eego wadama kaleeto waxsoo saarkoda.

Hadaba isku soo wada duboo akhristow faidoyinka Ganacsiga caalamiga ahi waxuu dan u yahey Bulshada oo ka faideysta.
faaidoyinka ganacasigu waxaa ka mid ah:

1.Qancinta daryeelka macaamisha(satisfaction of consumer welfare).
2.Badinta awooda iibsiga ee macaamisha(power of purchase)
3. Badinta isku tiirsanaanta wadamada.(dependence b/w countries).

taasi waa sababta keentay in uu mareekanku ku tiirsanaado wadama soo saara Shidaalka(oil),taas oo khasab noqotey in uu gacanta ku dhigo wadanka Ciraq.

Wada hadalada Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah

Waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo laga wada hadlo oo sabab u ah Ganacsiga caalamiga ah ,kasoo ay ka wada hadlaan dhamaan wadamada aduunku, wada hadaladaas waxaa ka mid ah:
1.Daaficada Ganacsiga(Protectionism)
2 Sarifka .Lacaga Qalaad(Exchange Rate)
3.Saboolnimada(Poverty)
4. Deynta(Huge Debtand et.c).

Hadii aynu dulmarno xogaa yar wada hadaladaas ,waxeynu ognahey daaficada ganacsi in ay ku salaysantahey in wadan rabo in aan badeecad kaleeto banaanka uga imaan oo muwadinintu ibsadaan domestic product.

tusaale ahaan wadankaan Pakistan baa wuxuu soo saara baabur Suzuki ah sida Mehranta nooca layiraahda, baaburtas oo ka tayo liidata ,kana qaalisan kuwa china soo saaro iyo wadamada kaeleto.

Sidaa darted wadanka Pakistan marabo in baabur kaleeto wadankiisa loo iibkeeno, si ay arintaas u hirgasho wuxuu sameyaa difaac isagoo markaas qaali ka dhiga canshurta(Tarrif),markaas oo baaburka lagu canshuuro qiimaha laga soo bixiyey in kabadan ama kulaba jirbaaranta, taaso awoodi iibka macamishu halkaas ku jaboto,waxaa sabab noqonaya in tiro yar ay baabuur banaanka kala yimadaan.

Hadaba difaaca baaburta wadanka Pakistan ay dowladu usameynayso baa wuxuu ku yimid baahi ah in ay ku tiirsan yihiin dad aad ubadan oo ka ganacsada waxsoo saarkas kana shaqeeya, hadii china cars yimadaan ay dadkaasi shaqo la’ani ku dhaceyso taasna waxaa masuuliyadeeda leh Dowlada Pakistan.

Sidoo kaleeto sarifka lacagaha ayaa ah wadahala ganacsiga caalamiga ah , kaasoo aynu ka tusaalo qadan karno wadankeena Somalia oo markii shey la ibinayo in lagu qiimiyo lacagta dollar mareykanka tasoo sameen wayn ku leh.

Maxaa yeelay inagu waxba ma soo saarno , oo ganacsigeenu aduunka ayuu ku tiirsan yahey ,sidaas darted hadal heynta dollar-ka ayaa inaku badan ,halka wadankaan Pakistan aan waxba sameen ah ku laheen ganacsigooda oo 90% wax walba iyagaa soo saarta, marka laga reebo oo ay ubahdan doolar-ku in ay ku iibsadaan Dahabka iyo waxa la midka ah,taasna waxaa tusaale u ah hadii dolarku mareynkanku kaco wadankooda ama raqiiso waxba ku maleh sameen suqooda(domistic market).

Baaqiga Ganacsiga (Trade Balance)

wax walba faaido iyo khasaaro bey leeyihin, si loo ogaado in ganacsiga aduunka aynu la leenahey in uu yahey faaido iyo in uu khasaaro yahey waxeynu ku ogaan karnaa inagoo firina Trade Balance-ga wadanka
.Suashu waxey tahey waa maxey Trade Balance?

Jawaabtu ma foga, waa waxa u dhaxeeya badeecada uu wadanku dhoofiyo(exports) iyo waxa loo soo dhoofiyo(imports). Si aynu u ogaano trade balance-ga wadanka waxeynu firinaynaa dhamaan waxa wadanku dhoofiyey iyo waxa lasoo dhoofiyey. Tasoo kasoo dhex bixi karta faaidada iyo khasaaraha markaas wadanku kusugan yahey.

Hadaba hadii dhoofinteenu ka badan tahey waxa leynoo soo dhoofiyo, waynu faaidnay oo markaas waxaa layirahdaa Surplus Trade baa meesha yimid, oo waxeynu iib badan u helnay wax soo saarkeeni sidaa darted waxeynu lacag badan kasoo hoyinay dhamaan dacalada aduunka oo waxaa wadankeena kusoo qul qulay lacag badan oo markaas ganacsiga wadanka meel fiican buu gaaraya waa sida hada china ku socoto ---Economic power iyo wadadii uu horey uqaadey Mareykanku.

Lakin hadii waxa leynoo soo dhoofiyo(imports) ay ka bataan waxa aynu dhoofino(exports) waynu kashaarney markaas, oo waxaa layiraahda waxaa meesha yimid Deficit Trade, tasoo macnaheedu yahey in aynu lacag badan aduunka geynay oo alaab kusoo bedelaney,halka badeecadii aynu soo saarney la iibsan wayey ama aynuba waxba soo saarin oo markaas wadanka lacag fara badan baa ka baxey.

GabaGabo

Akhrista sharafta leh , tusaalaha aan ka bixiyey Trade Balance-ga mahan tusaale lagu saleen karo Somalia oo kaleeto maxaa yeelay waxbaba masoo saarto oo ma iibgeyso in lasoo iibgeeyo mahee,sida darted inaga waxa leyna soo dhoofiya oo ugu badan oo lacag badan malin kasta inaga baxdaa Qaadka(jaadka) oo caleemo ah kasoo wax tar aan u laheen bulshada ,khasaaraha uu leeyahey qaadku waxaa hada ka hor ka Hadley aqoonyahan degan wadankaan Pakistan prof.yusuf xirsi wuxuu na sheegay khasaaraha ugu badan in ay yihiin::
1.Wakhti dhumin
2.lacag dhumin
3.Cafimaad xumo.

Kabadarane lacagteenu waxey adaa wadanka cadowga ah ee Ethopia, marka suaha meesha taaal waxay tahey seebaan caleemahan wadankeena uga suulin karnaa, mase heli karnaa qaab loo mari karo joojintiisa?
jawaabta waxaan udhaafey akhrista sharafta leh.

F.G..Tusaaleyasha aan soo qaatey ,waxaan uga danleeyahey oo kaliya in uu akhristaha fahamkiisa ganacisga caalamiga ah kubadiyo oo keliya.

Mohamed Abdirizak Dayib
dayib2@hotmail.com