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"WAA KAN BUUGGII AAN SUGEYEY 24ka SANO",
sidaa waxa yidhi Dr. Georgi
Kapchits.
Sannadkii 1978kii saaxiibkay Khaliif Nuur Cali ‘Qonof’ oo waagaas wax ku
baraneyey Moosko wuxuu hadiyo ii siiyey sheekada la yidhaahdo "Roots"
("Xididdo") ee uu qoraaga mareykanka ah Alex Haley dib ugu raadraacay
asalkiisii. Sheekada wuxuu ku bilaabay sida soo socota: "Early in the spring of
1750, in the village of Juffure, four days upriver from the cost of The Gambia,
West Africa, a manchild was born to Omoro and Binta Kinte…By ancient custom, for
the next seven days, there was but a single task with which Omoro would
seriously occupy himself: the selection of a name for his firstborn son. It
would have to be a name rich with history and with promise, for the people of
his tribe – the Mandinkas – believed that a child would develop seven of the
characteristics of whomever or whatever he was named for."
Mandinka (Mande) iyo Soomaalidu inkastoo ay kala fog yihiin, haddana waxyaalo
farabbadan bay wadaagaan, ayna ugu horreyso tirinta gabayada. Wax cir ka soo
dhac ah ma aha in John W. Johnson uu Shirkii 8aad ee cilmibaarsta soomaaliyeed
ee lagu qabtay Hargeysa sannadkii 2001dii uu ka soo jeediyey warbixin uu magac
uga dhigay "A Comparison of the Oral Poetic Styles of Performance between Somali
and Mande Traditions: Toward a Unified Theory of Oral Poetic Composition".
Haddaba kadib markii aan ogaaday magac-bixintu siday ugu muhimsan tahay Mandinka
ayaa waxaan is idhi: "Malaha Soomaalidu taa kagama duwana e hubso!" Taasina
waxay keentay inaan baaritaan ku sameeyey maahmaahihii waagaas gacanta iigu
jiray oo ay ka mid ahaayeen: Magacaaga wax badan baa yaqaaan, muuqaagana wax yar
baa yaqaaan (Xasan Yacquub "Baabraqiis". Waari mayside war ha kaa haro. Xamar,
1974) iyo Magac iyo masiibo maalin bay dhacaan oo aan ka bartay "Qonof".
Maahmaahda kowaadi waxay soo qaadday qaayaha aan la soo koobi karin ee magacu uu
leehyahay, midda labaadina waxay muujisay in Soomaalidu ay isku si u eegaan
qofka magaciisa iyo sharaftiisa. Dabadeedna waxaan tegey maktabadda Moosko ugu
weyn ee laga helo buugaagta adduunka oodhan ka soo baxda, waxaanan weyddiistay
buug aan ka baran kari lahaa caadooyinka magac-bixinta dadka soomaaliyeed.
"Buugga aad dooneyso weli lama qorin", baa laygu yidhi.
"Omoro then walked out before all the assembled people of the village. Moving to
his wife’s side, he lifted up the infant and, as all watched, whispered three
times into his son’s ear the name he had chosen for him. It was the first time
the name had ever been spoken as this child’s name, for Omoro’s people felt that
each human being should be the first to know who he was."
Maalin ka mid ahayd maalmihii xagaagan 2002da, waxaa Kanada iga soo gaartay
buqshad uu ku guda jiray buug. Baalkiisa kore waxaa ku qornayd: C.C. Faarax
"Barwaaqo". Magac bilaash uma baxo: Ujeeddooyinka magacyada iyo naaneysyada
Soomaaliyeed. Ottawa, 1998. Markaasaan idhi, "Waa kan buuggii aan sugeyey 24ka
sano!".
Markii aan furay buugga oo aan arkay tusmadiisa waxaan gartay inaanan ka quusan
doonin. Sida la ogsoon yahay cilmi waliba wax-ururin iyo wax-kala-soocid
(classificasion) ayuu ka bilaabmaa. Xaaladdii uu ku sugnaa cilmiga u qaabbilsan
magacyada soomaaliyeed ee gaarka ah (Somali onomastics) Barwaaqo ka hor waxay la
mid ahayd tii ay ku maahmaaheen raggii hore: Cidna uma maqna, ceelna uma qodna.
Qoraagu eber ayuu ka bilaabay shaqadiisa, waaya-aragnimona ma uu lahayn. Hase
yeeshee jago toos ah ayuu u dhaqaaqay. Magacyadii iyo naanaysihii gacanta ugu
jirey si habboon ayuu isugu dubbariday:
-
Magacyadii hore iyo hababkii loola bixi jirey;
-
Magacyada cusub ee hablaha iyo dhibaatooyinkooda;
-
Naaneysaha Soomaalida iyo ulajeeddooyinkooda:
-
Naaneysaha iinta qofka wax ka sheega;
-
Naaneysaha meheradaha la xidhiidha;
-
Naaneysaha midabka la xidhiidha;
-
Naaneysaha meesha iyo jiidaha la xidhiidha;
-
Naandeysaha ereyada halhayska loo leeyahay tilmaama.
Qaybta kowaad ee buugga waxaan ka ogaaday in magac-bixintu aysan ahayn wax hawl
yar. Waalidku waxay ku dadaali jireen in cunug walba loo bixiyo magac u qalma.
Laba hab ayay magac-bixintu ku tiirsanaan jirtey: habka kitaab-furka iyo habka
magac-soomaali-bixinta, siduu u dhigay qoraagu.
Habka hore diinta islaamka ayuu ku saleysan yahay. Xattaa maanta xaasas badan
ayaa cuskada habkaasi, ayagoo wiilasha u dhasha u bixiya magacyo carabi ah, sida
Cabdillaahi, Cabdiraxmaan, Maxamed, gabdhahana Aammina, Faadumo (Faay), Maryan
iwm. Waxaa xiise weyn leh siduu qoraagu u raadraaco magacyada carabiga ah
taariikhdooda (Ninkii ugu horreeyey ee rumeeyey Nebi Maxamed iyo diinta islaamka
ayaa la odhan jirey Abubakar Al-siddiiq; Ninkii u horreeyey ee Eedaanka kor ugu
dhawaaqa ayaa la odhan jirey Bilaal Bin Rubaax).
Habka labaadi wuxuu ku saleysan yahay dhaqankii hore ee soomaaliyeed, buu ina
xasuusiyay qoraagu. Magac-bixinta waxaa loo tixgelin jirey:
- iimaha uu ilmuhu ku dhasho: Barre, Xaad, Dhoorre;
- xilliga uu ka dhasho: Colaad, Geeddi, Waasuge;
- midabkiisa: Sugulle, Meygaag, Caddaawe.
Waxaa loo cuskan jirey saadaal ama duco: Samatar, Warsame, Geelle.
Ilmaha waxaa loo bixin jirey magac ammaan ah: Dhaqane, Qummane, Shuuriye.
Waxaa jiri jirey tobannaan siyaalood oo kale oo la xiriira magac-bixinta ee
qoraagu uu soo ururiyey, soona bandhigay:
Kediye: Magacan waxay isku ujeeddo dhow yihiin Mire. Hayeeshee kan xilli u gaar
ihi ma jiro. Markaa wiil kasta oonay hooyadii fooshiisa filayn waa loo baxshaa
magacan. Dulucduna waa tiiyoo wiilka lagu tilmaamayo inuu yahay kii ku kediyey
xanuunka iyo foosha hooyadii iyada oon u diyaar ahayn.
Dheeg: Waxaa magacan loo baxshaa wiilka aabbihii aad ugu ekaada een aabbihii
laga garan. Dulucduna waa tiiyo lagu sheegayo inuu wiilku yahay ku aabbihii laga
soo jeexay ama laga soo dheegay oo isaga oo kale ah.
Naaneystu waa magac aan laysugu wan qalin (!), ha yeeshee dheeraad ah oo loo
bixiyo ragga iyo dumarkaba. Iskama baxdo ee sida magaca ayay ujeeddo leedahay,
buu yidhi qoraagu. Wuxuu naanaysaha u kala saaraa shan qaybood:
Naaneysaha iinta qofka wax ka sheega: Ganey, Lugey, Galaal;
2. Naaneysaha meheradaha la xidhiidha: Askari, Biyoole, Kabatole;
Naaneysaha midabka la xidhiidha: Cawl, Cadde, Dhuxul;
Naaneysaha meesha iyo jihada la xidhiidha: Galbeedi, Muqdishaawi,
Usteeliye;
Naaneysaha ereyada halhayska loo leeyahay tilmaama: Yacniile, Guri
barwaaaqo (Nin aad taqaannid ‘yaad tahay?’ lama yidhaahdo!), Guudh moonnig (!)
Waxaan la yaabbanahay sida qumman ee cad uu qoraagu wax inoo fahamsiiyo. Waxaan
la sii yaabbanahay aqoonta uu u leeyahay dalka Soomaaliya dabiicaddiisa iyo
dhaqankiisa. Markii aan buuggiisa akhrisaneyey ayaan marar badan is weyddiiyey
su’aal ah: Oday isagu ma wax-walba-ogaal baa, mise waa Alla-ka-yare?
…Reer ama qoys haddii carruur badani ka noqoto oo wiil kale u dhasho ayaa
wiilkaa cad yar, labada dhegood mid ahaan, laga jaraa… Wixii lab ee wax sooc ah
ku biiraa waa dhafe. Waayo isagu waa keli, waana kii wixii badnaa ee sooca ahaa
tilmaantii soocnimada ka qaaday. Dhafana waxaa loo bixiyaa inanta, ka daba
dhalata wiilal farabbadan…Reer miyigu kolka ay yaalliin hab aan muran lahayn
ayay u degaan guryaha. Taas oo ah in qoys kastaa meel gaar ah uu ka dego guri
kasta oo la dego. Meeshaas ayaana la yidhaa Tusmo…
‘Magac bilaash uma baxo’ waa qaamuus oo kale oo fasira ereyada soomaaliyeed
macnahooda, ayna ka mid yihiin kuwa aan la wada aqoon:
Cawilaaddu waa marka wax kaa lumay meeshiisii wax kale kuu soo galaan…Caynaanadu
waa badbaado ama nabadgelin…Ayaanku waa hoodada, doobirta, cawada iyo
habeen-dhaladnimada… Balfintu waa kolka waran la soo riddeeyey gaashaan layskaga
leexsho… Baarku marka hore waa geedka korkiisa sare ay laamuhu ka baxaan. Marna
waa timaha kuruska geela ka baxa. Marka saddexaadna waa timaha afkooda hore...
Waxyaalaha uu Barwaaqo buuggiisu igu soo jiito waxaa kaloo ka mid ah in laga
baran karo maansada soomaaliyeed: buraanbur (bb.62,82), gabay (bb.64, 143, 144)
iyo rag gabayaa caana ah sida: Sayid Maxamed Cabdalla Xasan, Cabdillaahi Suldaan
‘Timo-cadde’, Cali Jaamac Habiil, Cali Xuseen Xirsi.
Buuggan waxaan ka helay magacyo farabbadan oo aan ilaa waa hore dooneyey in aan
ka sal gaaro dulucdooda. Waxaa ka mid ah Looge (Looge, looba joogee!), Qawdhan (Qawdhan iyo
Qoran!), Ceebla’ (Wiil-Waal minyaradiisa!)
‘Magac bilaash uma baxo’ waa buug uu u baahan yahay qof kasta oo Soomali ah oo
raba inuu kororsado aqoonta uu u leeyahay afkiisa iyo dhaqankiisa iyo ruux walba
oo ajnebi ah oo ku dhaca inuu barto afka, suugaanta iyo caadooyinka soomaaliyeed.
Waxaan qoraaga u toosineyaa inuu sii wado shaqadii uu hore u bilaabay oo mirihii
ka soo baxay qaarkood uu inoo soo bandhigay. Mahadsanid, Barwaaqo!
Out under the moon and stars, alone with his son that eighth night, Omoro
completed the naming ritual. Carrying little Kunta in his strong arms, he walked
to the edge of the village, lifted his baby up with his face to the heavens, and
said softly, "Behold – the only thing greater than yourself."
Dr.Georgi Kapchits,
Moosko
Nov.28th , 2002
_______________________
Abdulfatah M. Abdulle
OTTAWA, ONT. CANADA
abdulfatah@yahoo.com
Jan 19, 2003
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